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THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

DAVIS 


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(lUIIU)MlllllllllMl 


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CAIvIKORNIA  STATE   IVLIIslING  BUJ^EAU 

J.  J.  CRAWFORD,  State  Mineralogist. 


t 


BTJLLKTIN    NO.  A. 


San  Francisco,  September,  1894. 


CATALOaUE 


OK 


CALIFORNIAN  FOSSILS. 


(PARTS  II,  III,  ]V,  AND  V.) 


BY 


DR.    J.     G.     COOPER. 


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ERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA! 
DAVIS 

FEB  2  0  1958 

UBRARY I 


SACRAMENTO: 
r         STATE  OFFICE,    :   :    :    :    :   A.  J.  Johnston,  supt.  state  printing. 
'  1894. 

V_^k,_.^(S> , , iir< luiii, nil 

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"IS 


IIIIMIIIIIIIHIIIIIiniKI 


CALIFORNIA  STATE    IVIININO  BUREAU. 

J.  J.  CRA"WFORD,  State  Mineralogist. 


BULLETIN    No.  -4.  San  Francisco,  September,  1894. 


CATALOGUE 


OF 


CALIFORNIAN  FOSSILS, 


(PARTS  II,  III,  IV,  AND  V.) 


BY 


DR.    J.     a.     COORER. 


SACRAMENTO: 
STATE   OFFICE,  :   :   :   :   :  A.  J.  Johnston,  supt.  state   prixNting. 

1894. 


LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNU 
DAVIS 


PREFACE 


The  following  pages  contain  papers  relating  to  the  Palajontologv  of 
California,  and  may  be  considered  supplementary  to  the  volumes  on  that 
subject  published  by  the  State  Geological  Survey,  under  Prof.  J.  D.  "Whit- 
ney, as  well  as  to  Part  I  of  the  Catalogue  of  Californian  Fossils,  published 
in  the  Seventh  Annual  Report  of  the  State  Mineralogist.  While  little 
attention  has  been  devoted  to  this  branch  of  science  by  the  State  Min- 
ing Bureau,  as  compared  with  more  practical  matters,  it  is  thought  that 
the  contributions  thus  made  deserve  to  be  published.  The  collections 
were  made  by  assistants  of  the  Bureau,  mainly  by  W.  L.  Watts,  H.  W. 
Fairbanks,  and  Dr.  Stephen  Bowers.  Some  interesting  specimens  were 
also  contributed  by  Mrs.  N.  Barton  Williams. 

J.  G.  COOPER. 
San  Francisco,  September,  1894. 


CONTENTS 


PART     II.    Bibliography  AND  Kekbrences - -.- 5 

PART  III.    Additions  to  the  Catalogue   of  Californian    Fossils  Obtained 

Since  1888 23 

PART   IV.    Remarks    on    Fossils  Collected    by    Dr.   S.   Bowers    in   Orange 

County* .- 34 

PART     V.    Descriptions    and    Figures   of  New  Species  of  Cretaceous  and 

Cretaceous  B  (or  Eocene)  Fossils  of  California,  with  Notes 

ON  Tertiary  Species.. 36 


CATALOGUE  OF  CALIFORNIAN  FOSSILS. 

By  dr.  J.  G.  COOPER. 


PART  II.    BIBLIOGRAPHY  AND  REFERENCES. 


The  pala?ontology  of  California  differs  from  that  of  the  States  north 
of  the  Potomac  and  Ohio  Rivers  in  the  existence  of  more  of  the  Neozoic 
formations  (including  Miocene,  Pliocene,  and  Quaternary)  than  those 
of  older  date,  showing  that  the  elevation  of  this  coast  above  the  ocean 
was  chiefly  since  the  Mesozoic  ages,  and  much  of  it  took  place  as  late 
as  the  Quaternary,  or  a  little  before  the  era  of  man. 

The  consequence  of  this  late  uplift  is  that  nearly  all  the  coast 
ranges  and  the  low  foothills  of  the  Sierra  are  covered  by  strata,  in 
some  places  thousands  of  feet  thick,  and  often  containing  solid  beds  of 
fossils  several  feet  thick,  of  which  the  greater  part  are  identical  with 
living  species,  besides  others,  of  forms  similar  to  those  now  living 
farther  north  or  south,  but  extinct  on  this  part  of  the  coast. 

The  most  interesting  conclusions  derivable  from  these  facts  are  con- 
nected with  the  changes  of  temperature  in  the  ocean  currents,  which 
must  have  occurred  during  the  gradual  elevation  of  the  land,  indicating 
a  range  from  tropical  to  arctic,  with  various  oscillations  at  intervals, 
each  of  which  must  have  existed  a  long  time  to  allow  of  the  coloniza- 
tion of  species  from  a  long  distance,  for  varying  periods  of  time. 

Other  questions  of  much  scientific  interest,  and  perhaps  leading  to 
practical  results,  are  connected  with  the  study  of  these  late  fossils. 
Having  been  the  subjects  of  investigation  (in  their  living  forms)  since 
the  time  of  Linnajus,  about  one  hundred  and  thirty  years  ago,  their 
descriptions  are  scattered  through  numerous  books  by  European  and 
American  authors,  who  have  often  described  the  same  species  under 
different  names,  or  from  distant  regions  where  some  of  our  fossils  are 
also  found  living.  The  identification  of  these  descriptions  is  yet  only 
partly  accomplished,  and  the  discovery  of  living  species  in  a  fossil  state 
is  still  progressing. 

Much  was  done  in  this  line  of  study  by  Mr.  Gabb,  as  published  in 
the  "Palaeontology  of  California,"  but  nearly  as  much  has  been  dis- 
covered since.  A  great  difhculty  in  the  study  has  been  the  want  of  a 
complete  catalogue  of  authors  and  books,  with  reference  of  each  species 
to  the  first  description  and  figure.  The  confused  and  scattered  notices 
2f 


—   6   — . 

given  by  Carpenter,  in  the  "  West  Coast  Mollusca,"  were  the  chief 
sources  of  information  on  the  subject  at  the  time,  and  to  find  a  grain 
of  information  required  hours  of  search,  often  with  negative  results. 
The  present  bibliography,  besides  condensing  the  subject  into  system, 
adds  very  much  from  many  sources,  and  is  believed  to  be  a  nearly 
complete  catalogue  of  the  original  authors  and  their  works. 

Of  the  authors  treating  only  of  fossils  of  the  formations  older  than 
Miocene  there  are  but  few.  and  little  mention  has  been  necessary,  as 
they  are  fully  referred  to  in  the  "  Palaeontology  of  California."  For  the 
same  reason,  most  of  the  fossils  of  those  formations  being  described  as 
new  by  Meek  or  Gabb,  it  is  not  necessary  to  repeat  the  catalogues  of 
them  given  in  the  Report  of  the  Mining  Bureau  of  1887. 

As  to  the  new  species,  described  since  that  date  by  Dr.  C.  A.  White 
in  publications  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  they  are  also 
easily  accessible,  and  do  not  need  further  cataloguing. 

Some  of  the  different  groups  of  fossils  probably  indicate  that  they 
lived  at  different  depths  before  the  upheaval  of  the  land,  but  that  does 
not  explain  the  facts  of  distribution  of  species  now  found  on  seashores 
in  other  regions,  but  extinct  here. 

The  fresh-water  deposits  usually  found  with  lignite  beds  in  strata  of 
various  ages  are  of  special  interest,  on  account  of  their  indications  of 
the  existence  of  dry  land,  as  well  as  being  proofs  that  the  lignite  is  of 
little  extent  or  value. 

Their  uplifted  position  also  exhibits  the  effect  of  volcanic  forces,  and 
shows  in  arid  regions  what  changes  in  climate  have  occurred  since  the 
period  when  abundant  rainfall  caused  lakes  to  exist  where  little  or  no 
water  now  remains. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY    OF    FOSSIL    MOLLUSCA. 

ADAMS,  CHARLES  B.,  Professor,  Amherst  College.  Catalogue  of 
Panama  Shells,  from  Annals  of  the  N.  Y.  Lyceum  of  Nat.  Hist.,  vol. 
V,  1852  ;  also  separately.  Full  notes  and  descriptions;  no  figures. 
Out  of  nearly  five  hundred  species,  over  one  hundred  were  new;  but 
very  few  of  them  extend  to  California,  though  many  of  the  species  are 
found  living  or  fossil  farther  north.     (Catal.  Panama  Shells.) 

ADAMS,  HENRY  and  ARTHUR.  Various  articles  published  in 
the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  1835  to  1876. 
(Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.) 

The  Genera  of  Recent  Mollusca,  2  vols.,  8vo,  and  138  plates.  Lon- 
don, 1853-83.  This  fine  systematic  work  contains  figures  and  descrip- 
tions of  several  West  Coast  mollusca.     (H.  and   A.  Adams'  Genera.) 

ANTHONY,  JOHN  G.     Boston  Journal  of  Nat.  His.,  vol.  Ill,  1840. 


BAIRD,  Dr.  WILLIAM.  Collections  made  by  Dr.  Lyall,  Dr.  Forbes, 
R.  N.,  and  J.  K.  Lord,  on  the  Northwest  Boundary  Survey,  Vancouver 
Island,  etc.  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1863,  p.  66,  12  plates,  16  species 
described,  14  figured,  but  only  9  seem  new. 

For  4  others  obtained  by  Forbes,  see  Carpenter,  Moll,  of  West  North 
Amer.,  p.  607  (93).     (Baird,  Northwest  Boundary  Moll.) 

BINNEY,  AMOS,  M.D.  Land  Mollusca  only,  in  Boston  Journal  of 
Nat.  Hist.,  1837.  A  monograph  of  the  Helices  inhabiting  the  United 
States,  vol.  I,  p.  466;  vol.  II,  pp.  353  and  405;  vol.  Ill,  pp.  163  and 
360.  (Terrestrial  Air-Breathing  Mollusks  of  the  United  States,  etc.), 
by  A.  Binney.  Edited  (after  his  death)  by  Dr.  A.  A.  Gould,  Boston, 
vols.  I  and  II,  1851;  vol.  Ill  (plates),  1857.  Republished  and  con- 
tinued by  W.  G.  Binney.     (Binn.,  Terr.  Moll,  of  U.  S.) 

BINNEY,  W.  G.  A  supplement  to  the  Terrestrial  Mollusks  of  the 
United  States,  forming  vol.  IV.  From  the  Boston  Journal  of  Nat.  Hist., 
vol.  VII,  1859.  Continues  descriptions,  and  plates  from  Nos.  72  to  80, 
with  many  more  West  Coast  species.     (Suppl.  Terr.  Moll.) 

Proceedings  of  Acad,  of  Nat.  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  (new  series), 
1857,  p.  18,  to  1876,  forming  three  volumes. 

Issued  also  as  *'  Notes  on  American  Land  Shells,"  in  combination 
with  articles  from  the  Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Nat.  Hist,  of  New 
York,  vol.  IX,  1870;  vol.  X,  1873.  American  Jour,  of  Conchology, 
vol.  I  to  VII,  1865  to  1878. 

Smithsonian  Miscellaneous  Collections,  1865.  The  latter  also  con- 
tain the  volumes  on  "Land  and  Fresh- Water  Shells  of  North  America," 
in  three  parts,  with  wood-cuts.  A  catalogue  of  seventy-five  of  his  pub- 
lications (partly  in  connection  with  T.  Bland)  is  given  in  vol.  Ill  of 
the  notes  from  the  Bulletin  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology, 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  vol.  V,  1879,  p.  351. 

Bibliography  of  North  American  Conchology,  published  by  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  compiled  by  Mr.  Binney,  with  catalogues  of 
all  the  American  species  named  by  the  authors  quoted,  Washington, 
D.  C,  1863-64,  2  vols.,  8vo,  is  very  useful  for  books  printed  before  1860. 
(Bibl.  of  N.  Amer.  Conch.) 

The  Terrestrial  Air-Breathing  Mollusks  of  the  United  States,  vol.  V, 
being  a  bulletin  of  the  Museum  of  Comp.  Zool.  of  Harvard  College, 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  1878;  contains  all  the  essential  facts  of  previous 
volumes,  with  additions  bringing  it  up  to  date,  and  a  volume  of 
plates,  reprinted  from  the  first  four  volumes;  also,  many  others  giving 
anatomical  details  from  the  author's  later  publications. 

A  Manual  of  American  Land  Shells,  published  by  the  United  States 
National  Museum,  Bulletin  No.  28,  Washington,  D.  C,  1885,  is  a  con- 
densed and  remodeled  epitome  of  the  subject,  giving  Mr.  Binney's 
conclusions  up  to  date.     (Binney's  Manual.) 


—    8    — 

A  supplement  to  the  fifth  volume  of  Terrestrial  Air-Breathing  Mol- 
lusks,  issued  as  a  bulletin  of  the  Mus.  of  Comp.  Zool.  at  Harvard 
College,  vol.  XI,  No.  8,  1883,  and  4  plates,  is  embodied  in  the  Manual 
of  Amer.  Land  Shells,  excepting  some  details. 

A  second  supplement  to  same  work  from  same  series  of  bulletins, 
vol.  XIII,  No.  2,  1886. 

A  third  supplement  from  vol.  XIX,  and  No.  4,  of  same,  1890,  con- 
tains all  the  information  on  the  subject  so  far  published.  (Binney, 
Suppl.  to  Terr.  Moll.) 

BLAINVILLE,  D.  de.  Manuel  de  Malacologie  et  de  Conchyliologie. 
2  vols.,  8vo,  190  plates.     Paris,  1825-1827.     (Blainv.  Manuel  de  Mai.) 

BLAINVILLE,  H.  de.  Annales  Nouvelles  du  Museum,  Paris,  1832, 
vol.  I,  p.  189,  on  living  and  fossil  Purpuras,  etc.,  with  plates.  (See 
Duclos.) 

BLAND,  THOMAS.      See  complete  list  of  the  scientific  papers  of 
T.  Bland,  F.G.S.,  from  1852  to  1883,  by  A.  F.  Gray,  C.E.,  Salem,  Mass.,. 
1884.     (Died  August,  1885.) 

BOURGUIGNAT,  J.  Pv.  Proceedings  Zool.  Soc.  of  London,  1858, 
p.  81,  on  Fresh-AVater  Mollusks  of  United  States. 

Magazin  de  Zoologie,  Paris,  1857  to  1887;  also,  works  on  fossil  shells 
of  Europe. 

BROWN,  THOMAS,  Captain.  Recent  Conchology  of  Great  Britain. 
1  vol.,  4to,  62  colored  plates,  Edinburgh,  1827.  Second  edition,  Lon- 
don, 1844. 

Fossil  Conchology  of  Great  Britain.     London,  1844. 

BRODERIP,  W.  J.,  and  SOWERBY,  G.  B.  (Generally  quoted 
together;  the  latter  author  preparing  the  plates,  but  sometimes  each 
describes  species  separately.) 

Zoological  Journal,  London,  1829,  vol.  IV,  p.  359,  descriptions.  Plates 
of  same  in  Zoology  of  Captain  Beechey's  Voyage  to  the  Pacific  and 
Behring's  Straits,  in  the  ship  "Blossom,"  1825  to  1828;  published  1839, 
London,  and  with  the  aid  of  Dr.  J.  E.  Gray.     (Zool.  of  Beechey's  Voy.) 

Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  1832  to  1835, 
contain  several  descriptions  of  West  Coast  species  by  these  authors. 
The  most  ornamental  species  have  been  figured  by  later  authors  quoted 
hereafter.     (See  Sowerby,  Reeve,  Adams,  H.  and  A.,  Chenu,  Tryon,  etc.) 

Species  Conchyliorum.  Monographs  of  various  genera,  4to,  14  colored 
plates.     London,  1830, 

BRUGUIERE,  M.  de.  Histoire  Naturelle,  Mollusques,  etc.  Paris, 
tome  I,  1792,  4to.  Chiefly  descriptions  and  figures  of  older  species. 
Tomes  II  to  IV  finished  by  Deshayes  in  1832. 


—    9    — 

BUCH,  L.  VON.  A  writer  on  fossils  of  Germany,  1831  to  1839;  also, 
on  South  American  fossils. 

CALL,  R.  E.  Quaternary  and  Recent  Mollusca  of  the  Great  Basin. 
From  Bulletin  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  No.  11,  Washington,  1884,  p.  46, 
plate  VI,  map,  section,  and  diagrams. 

Two  new  species  and  two  varieties  described.  Twenty-two  are  fossils 
in  Quaternary  beds,  eighteen  others  now  living. 

CARPENTER,  PHILIP  P.  See  Smithsonian  Miscellaneous  Col- 
lections, No.  252,  Washington,  D.  C,  1872,  for  titles  of  his  papers  on 
American  mollusca  previous  to  that  date.  It  contains  the  full  supple- 
mentary report  on  the  MoUusks  of  Western  North  America,  reprinted 
from  the  report  of  the  British  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science  for  1863-64,  together  with  twelve  other  papers,  describing  many 
species.     (Moll,  of  West.  N.  Amer.) 

Twelve  papers  not  reprinted  are  to  be  found  as  follows,  viz.: 

Report  on  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge  Avith  regard  to  the 
Mollusca  of  the  West  Coast  of  North  America.  From  report  of  British 
Association,  etc.,  for  1856,  with  4  plates,  showing  variations  in  species 
of  Area,  Cyrena,  Gadinia,  Glyphis,  Fissurella,  Crepidula,  Crucibulum, 
Coecum,  Neritina.     (Report  to  British  Assoc,  1856.) 

Catalogue  of  the  Reigen  Collection  of  Mazatlan  Mollusca  in  the 
British  Museum,  1855  to  1857.     (Catal.  of  Mazat.  Moll.) 

Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  1855-1856,  1858- 
1865.     Chiefly  articles  on  West  Coast  shells. 

Proceedings  of  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  III,  1864,  pp.  155, 
175,  207.  Descriptions  of  new  marine  shells  from  the  coast  of  Cali- 
fornia.    (Carp.,  Calif.  Moll.) 

Journal  of  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  (new  series),  1865, 
p.  54,  on  New  Species  and  Varieties  of  Mollusca  Collected  by  the  late 
Dr.  Kennerly,  in  Puget  Sound.     (Carp.,  N.  W.  Bd'ry  Moll.) 

American  Journal  of  Conchology,  vols.  I  to  VII,  1865  to  1873,  Phila- 
delphia.    Several  articles  on  West  Coast  shells. 

CHEMNITZ,  J.  H.  (Martini  and  Chemnitz).  Conchylien  Cabinet, 
Nurnburg,  1769  to  1795.  4to.  The  last  date  is  that  of  vol.  XI,  the  only 
one  in  which  the  binomial  nomenclature  is  used,  Martini  not  being  an 
authority  under  Linnean  rules.     (Chem.  Conch.  Cab.) 

A  new  edition  begun  in  1844  by  Kuster.  Monographs  of  all  known 
species  of  each  genus  are  given,  with  figures.  Continued  by  W.  Kobelt 
and  Weinkauff  to  1887.     Nurnburg,  4to,  1,988  colored  plates. 

CHENU,  J.  C.  Illustrations  Conchyliologiques,  etc.  Living  and 
fossil  shells,  colored  plates.  Paris,  1843,  79  numbers,  folio.  Biblio- 
theque  Conchy liologique,  a  reprint  of  older  authors  and  their  illustra- 
tions, including  works  by  Say,  Leach,  Rafinesque,  Conrad,  Martyn,  etc. 


—  10  — 

Manuel  de  Conchyl.  et  de  Palseontologie.  2  vols,  grand  8vo.  Paris, 
1860-1862,  with  about  5,000  engravings,  part  colored.    (Chenu,  Manuel.) 

CONRAD,  TIMOTHY  A.  Fossil  shells  of  the  Tertiary  formations 
of  North  America  (Eastern).  Philadelphia,  1832,  1  vol.,  56  pages,  18 
plates.  As  many  West  Coast  fossils  are  ver}^  near,  or  identical  with 
Eastern,  they  need  close  comparison.     (Conrad's  Tertiary  Shells.) 

Journal  of  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  vol.  VII,  p.  227,  with 
4  plates,  1837.  The  45  new  species  described  from  California,  with 
figures,  form  the  first  important  article  on  West  Coast  Shells.  (Conrad, 
Nuttall's  Shells.)  Some  additional  notes  on  them  were  given  in  the 
Journal  (new  series),  1849  to  1854. 

American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  1848. 
Several  Oregon  fossils  described  and  figured. 

Geology  of  the  United  States  Exploring  Expedition,  under  Com- 
mander Wilkes.  Report  vol.  X,  Philadelphia,  1849.  Plates.  Numer- 
ous Tertiary  fossils  described  from  Oregon;  many  of  them  since  found 
in  California.     (Conrad,  Geol.  of  U.  S.  Expl.  Exped.) 

Report  on  Explorations  and  Surveys  for  a  Railroad  to  the  Pacific 
Coast,  vol.  V,  appendix  2.  Fossil  Shells  (Miocene,  Eocene),  and  Recent, 
with  9  plates,  Washington,  D.  C,  1856.  Same  report,  vol.  VI,  app., 
p.  69,  5  plates  of  Miocene  and  Pliocene  fossils.  Same,  vol.  VII,  part 
2,  p.  189,  with  10  plates  of  Miocene  and  Pliocene  species.  (Conrad, 
Pac.  R.  R.  Rep't,  vols.  V,  VI,  VII.) 

American  Journal  of  Conchology,  vols.  I  to  VII,  1865  to  1873,  Phila- 
delphia. Several  articles  on  West  Coast  Shells.  (See  "The  Writings 
of  T.  A.  Conrad,"  Bulletin  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  80,  1885.) 

COOPER,  WILLIAM  and  JAMES  G.  Report  of  Explorations  and 
Surveys  for  a  Railroad  to  the  Pacific  Coast.  Washington,  1859,  vol. 
XII,  part  2,  and  separate.  Also,  extracted  from  above  in  "  Nat.  Hist, 
of  Washington  Territory,"  New  York,  1859. 

Report  upon  the  Mollusca  Collected  on  the  Survey  by  William  Cooper, 
with  notes  by  J.  G.  Cooper.  Species  are  also  included  from  the  coasts 
of  Oregon  and  California,  besides  the  land  and  fresh-water  shells  from 
the  region  north  of  Columbia  River.     (Cooper,  Pac.  R.  R.  Report.) 

COOPER,  J.  G.,  M.D.  Proceedings  of  the  California  Academy  of 
Sciences,  vol.  II,  1862,  pp.  202-207,  on  Nine  New  Californian  Marine 
Mollusca. 

Vol.  Ill,  p.  57,  on  New  and  Rare  Mollusca  Inhabiting  the  Coast  of 
California.     Eight  additional  species,  August,  1863. 

Pages  62-63,  1866,  A  New  Genus  of  Terrestrial  Mollusca  Inhabiting 
California  (Binneya),  with  wood-cuts. 

Page  259,  on  a  New  Californian  Helix,  with  notes  on  others. 

Page  294,  A  New  Species  of  Pedipes. 


—  11  — 

Vol.  IV,  p.  92,  1867,  The  West  Coast  Fresh-Water  Univalves,  No.  1 
(Pulmonate). 

Page  331,  1867,  The  West  Coast  Helicoid  Land  Shells. 

Page  150,  1870,  on  Shells  of  the  West  Slope  of  North  America, 
No.  1;  p.  171,  1871,  the  same.  No.  2. 

Vol.  V,  1873,  The  Law  of  Variation  in  the  California  Land  Shells, 
with  diagrams. 

Pages  172,  389,  401,  419,  422,  1874,  on  Tertiary  Geology  of  Cali- 
fornia, with  notes  on  the  characteristic  fossils,  etc. 

Vol.  VI,  p.  12,  1875,  The  Origin  of  California  Land  Shells;  p.  14, 
on  Shells  of  the  West  Slope  of  North  America,  No.  3. 

Geological  Survey  of  California  (J.  D.  Whitney,  State  Geologist). 
Geographical  Catalogue  of  the  Mollusca  found  west  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  between  33°  and  49°,  north  latitude.  Pamph.,  4to,  40  pp., 
San  Francisco,  1867.  795  species  named.  (Cooper's  Geog.  Cat.  of 
Moll.) 

American  Journal  of  Conchology,  Philadelphia.  Vol.  IV,  1868,  p. 
209,  on  a  New  Californian  Terrestrial  Mollusk,  plate  18,  figure  1.  Page 
211,  on  the  Distribution  and  Localities  of  West  Coast  Helicoid  Land 
Shells. 

Vol.  V,  1870,  p.  196,  on  a  New  Californian  Helicoid  Land  Shell, 
plate  17,  fig.  8. 

Page  199,  Notes  on  West  Coast  Land  Shells,  No.  2. 

Vol.  VI,  p.  42,  1870,  Notes  on  Mollusca  of  Monterey  Bay,  California. 
247  species.  Page  319,  Note  on  Gadinia  and  Rowellia.  Page  320, 
Note  on  Waldheimia  pulvinata.     Page  321,  Additions  and  Corrections. 

Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia, 
new  series,  1872,  p.  143,  on  New  Californian  Pulmonata,  etc.  Eight 
species,  figured  on  plate  3. 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  Philadelphia, 
1879,  p.  282,  Notes  on  Some  Land  Shells  of  Pacific  Coast. 

Bulletin  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco,  No. 
4,  January,  1886,  p.  235,  on  Fossil  and  Sub-Fossil  Land  Shells  of  the 
United  States,  with  notes  on  living  species.  Vol.  II,  No.  7,  June,  1887, 
p.  335,  West  Coast  Pulmonata,  fossil  and  living.  No.  8,  p.  497,  the 
same  continued. 

Proceedings  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  new  series,  vol. 
I,  1887,  p.  11,  the  same  concluded.  Vol.  Ill,  p.  73,  1890,  The  Sub- 
alpine  Mollusca  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  with  one  plate.  (Collection  of 
W.  J.  Raj^mond.) 

Seventh  Annual  Report  of  the  State  Mineralogist,  William  Irelan,  to 
the  California  Legislature,  1887,  Catalogue  of  Californian  Fossils,  com- 
piled by  J.  G.  Cooper. 

Ninth  Annual  Report  of  same,  1889,  Value  of  Fossils  as  Indications 
of  Important  Mineral  Products. 


—  12  — 

DALL,  WILLIAM  HEALY.  Proceedings  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences,  vol.  Ill,  pp.  236,  243,  258,  264,  271,  367  (1866), 
several  papers  relating  to  Shells  and  Geology  of  Pacific  Coast.  Vol. 
IV,  pp.  182,  270,  302  (1871 ) ;  two  are  on  Mollusca,  with  1  plate.  Vol.  V, 
pp.  57,  246,  296  (1873-1874),  on  Shells  and  Fossils  of  West  Coast. 
See  also  several  papers  in  Amer.  Jour,  of  Conchology,  1865  to  1873. 

Proceedings  of  U.  S.  National  Museum,  Washington,  vol.  I  (1878- 
1879),  pp.  1,  3,  10,  26,  281,  contain  articles  on  Living  and  Fossil  West 
Coast  Mollusca,  with  new  species  described  and  partly  figured.  The 
living  species  are  chiefl}''  Chitons,  with  60  pages  and  5  plates  of  denti- 
tion, etc.  Vol.  IV,  p.  279  (1881-1882),  on  the  Genera  of  Chitons;  12 
pages,  and  analytical  key.  Vols.  VII  and  VIII,  1883-1884,  contain 
lists  of  papers  by  Dall,  on  West  Coast  and  other  Mollusca.  Catalogue 
of  Shell-Bearing  Marine  Mollusks,  etc.,  of  Southeastern  Coast  of  the 
United  States,  in  Bulletin  of  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  37,  Washington, 
1889.  Figures  of  a  few  West  Coast  species,  mostly  copies  of  those  in 
Binney's  Ed.  of  Gould's  Invert,  of  Mass.  Preliminary  Report  on  the 
Collection  of  Mollusca,  etc.,  obtained  in  1887-1888,  by  the  Fish  Com- 
missioners' steamer  ''Albatross."  From  Proceedings  of  Nat.  Mus.  XII, 
No.  773,  Washington,  1889.  Contains  descriptions  and  figures  of  10 
new  species  from  California  coast. 

Reports  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  for  1884  and  later,  have 
complete  lists  of  Dall's  articles  in  various  publications,  some  of  them 
relating  to  West  Coast  mollusca. 

DAVIDSON,  THOMAS.  Books  relating  only  to  the  Class  Brachio- 
poda.  His  works  date  from  1850  to  1886,  including  both  recent  and 
fossil  species.  See  "Index  to  the  names  which  have  been  applied  to 
the  subdivisions  of  the  Class  Brachiopoda,  previous  to  the  year  1877," 
by  W.  H.  Dall,  U.  S.  Coast  Survey,  in  Bulletin  8,  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum, 
Washington,  1877,  p.  60,  8vo. 

DESHAYES,  G.  P.  (with  D.  de  Ferussac).  Histoire  Naturelle 
Generale  des  MoUusques  Terrestres  et  Fluviatiles,  Paris,  1822, 1851.  A 
few  Nearctic  and  one  Californian  species  described  and  figured. 

Revue  Zoologique,  Paris,  1839,  contains  descriptions  of  14  species 
supposed  to  be  new,  from  our  West  Coast,  most  of  them  figured  in 
Magazin  de  Zoologie,  Paris,  1840,  plates  14  to  48;  also,  six  previously 
described  by  Conrad.  Catalogue  of  the  Conchifera  in  the  British 
Museum,  vol.  I,  1853;  vol.  II,  1854.  A  few  species  from  the  West 
Coast. 

Eocene  Fossils  of  Paris.     5  vols.     4to.     1866. 

DIXON,  GEORGE,  Captain.  A  Voyage  Around  the  World.  London, 
1789.     Appendix,  p.  355,  fig.  2. 


—  13  — 

D'ORBIGNY,  ALCIDE  (Chevalier,  etc.)-  Voyage  dans  TAmerique 
Meridionale,  1826-1833;  Mollusca.  Paris,  1874,  4to,  86  colored  plates; 
also,  published  as  a  Catalogue  of  the  Species  in  British  Museum,  1854, 
by  Dr.  J.  E.  Gray.     A  few  of  the  species  reach  California. 

Palseontologie  Fran^aise,  Cretace  et  Jurassique,  13  vols.  Paris,  1840 
to  1886.     Svo,  2,243  plates. 

D'ORBIGNY,  A.  D.  Histoire  Physique,  Politique  et  Naturelle  de 
rile  de  Cuba.  Par  M.  Ramon  de  la  Sagra;  Mollusques.  Paris,  1842- 
1853.    2  vols.,  Svo,  and  atlas,  folio.    29  plates.    Also  printed  in  Spanish. 

DRAPARNAUD,  J.  P'.  R.  Hist.  Nat.  des  Mollusques  Terrestres  et 
Fluviatiles  de  la  France.     Paris,  1813.     13  plates. 

DUCLOS,  M.  Annales  des  Sciences  Naturelles,  Paris,  vol.  XXIV, 
p.  103,  with  plates,  1832.  Synopsis  of  Purpura,  giving  new  species, 
etc.;  also  figured  in  Mag.  de  Zool.,  1833. 

DUNKER,  WILHELM.  Zeitschrift  fur  Malakozoologie,  1874  to  1883, 
on  Buccinum,  etc.,  and  in  Chemnitz,  Conch.  Cab.,  ed.  2,  on  Planorbis, 
etc. 

Novitates  Conchologicse.  Series  II,  Cassel,  4to,  1858  to  1871,  on 
Marine  Shells  only;  48  plates.     (Dunker,  Novit.  Conch.) 

ESCHSCHOLTZ,  J.  F.     (Kotzebue's  Voyages.) 

Zoologische  Atlas,  Berlin,  1829,  completed  by  Dr.  M.  H.  Rathke,  in 
1833;  1  vol.,  4to,  with  24  plates,  5  of  Mollusca.  About  18  species  and 
varieties  belong  to  the  West  North  American  Coast.  (Esch.  Zool. 
Atlas.) 

The  species  are  chiefly  circumpolar,  but  a  few  reach  California. 

FISCHER,  G.  (de  Waldheim).  Oryctographie  du  Gouvernment  de 
Moscou,  1809  to  1837,  folio,  62  plates  of  fossils.  (Fischer,  Oryct. 
Moscow.) 

FISCHER,  P.,  and  CROSSE,  H.  (See  Petit,  L.)  .Journal  de  Con- 
chyliologie. 

FORBES,  EDWARD,  Professor  of  Geology.  Proc.  Zoi31.  Soc.  of 
London,  1850,  pp.  53  to  56,  land  shells;  pp.  271  to  274,  marine.  West 
Coast  species,  chiefly  from  Lower  California,  collected  by  Captains 
Kellet  and  Wood,  R.N.,  on  a  surveying  voyage  in  ships  "  Herald  "  and 
"  Pandora,"  along  the  West  Coast.     (Forbes,  Kellett  and  Wood's  Voy.) 

FORBES,  E.,  and  HANLEY,  S.  History  of  British  Mollusca  and 
their  Shells,  London,  1855,  4  vols.,  Svo,  202  plates.  Many  reach  Cali- 
fornia. 

GABB,  WILLIAM  M.  Proceedings  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences  of  Phila- 
delphia, 1861,  p.  368,  on   Fossils  from  California.     Proc.  Calif.  Acad. 


—  14  — 

Nat.  Sciences,  vol.  Ill,  1865,  p.  183,  New  Marine  Shells  irom  the 
Coast  of  California. 

Geological  Survey  of  California  (J,  1).  Whitney,  State  Geologist). 
Palaeontology,  vol.  I,  1864,  vol.  II,  1869,  with  33  plates  of  Jurassic, 
Cretaceous,  and  Tertiary  fossils.     (Gabb,  Pal.  of  Cal.) 

American  Journal  of  Conchology,  vols.  I  to  VII,  Philad.,  1865  to 
1873.  Various  articles  on  West  Coast  Shells  and  Fossils,  with  plates 
of  new  species. 

GABB,  W.  M.,  and  HORN,  Dr.  GEORGE  H.  Proceedings  Acad. 
Nat.  Sciences  of  Philad.,  1862,  on  Living  and  Fossil  Polyzoa  from 
Santa  Barbara,  California. 

GMELIN,  J.  F.  Systema  Naturae,  Leipsic,  1788,  often  quoted  as 
the  13th  edition  of  Linnaeus.  Vol.  VI,  Vermes  Mollusca  et  Testacea, 
quotes  species  of  Linnaeus,  Pallas,  Fabricius,  etc.,  also  names  of  many 
circumpolar  species  that  reach  California.     (Gmelin's  Syst.  Nat.) 

GOULD,  AUGUSTUS  A.,  M.D.  American  Journal  of  Science  and 
Arts,  vol.  XXXVIII,  1840,  Notes  on  two  Californian  Shells.  Proc. 
Bost.  Soc.  of  Nat.  History,  vol.  II,  1846,  p.  142,  on  Shells  collected  by 
the  U.  S.  Exploring  Expedition  under  Captain  Charles  AVilkes,  U.  S.  N. 
Continued  in  vol.  Ill,  p.  83,  1849-1850;  IV,  27,  1851,  and  completed  in 
the  Official  Report,  1852,  Mollusca  and  Shells  of  the  U.  S.  Expl. 
Exped.,  etc.;  Boston  (text),  1852,  plates,  1856,  issued  in  1861  (Binney, 
Bibliography),  about  50  West  Coast  species,  mostly  new.  (Gould, 
Moll,  of  Expl.  Exp.) 

Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  History,  vol.  IV,  1851,  p.  87,  and  Boston  Journal 
of  Natural  History,  vol.  VI,  p.  374,  1853,  on  Shells  from  the  Gulf  of 
California  and  the  Pacific  Coast,  with  plates  14,  15,  16,  and  figures  of 
26  species  found  in  California,  by  Major  Rich,  U.  S.  A.,  Lieutenant 
Green,  U.  S.  N.,  and  Colonel  E.  Jewett,  during  the  Mexican  War. 
(Separates  called  Mex.  and  California  Shells.) 

Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  History,  vol.  V,  pp.  126  to  128;  vol.  VI,  11, 
1855-1856,  contain  descriptions  of  new  species  collected  by  Pacific 
Railroad  Survey  Expeditions.  See  P.  R.  R.  Rept.,  vol.  VI,  p.  330, 1857, 
plate  XL     (Gould,  Pac.  R.  R.  Rept.) 

Otia  Conchologica,  Boston,  1862,  contains  descriptions  of  nearly  all 
species  named  by  Dr.  Gould  from  1839  to  1862,  with  rectifications;  188 
pages,  extracted  from  the  original  journal  when  printed,  and  57  pp. 
reprinted,  with  corrections,  and  index  of  10  pages.     (Gould,  Otia.) 

GRAY,  Dr.  JOHN  EDWARD.  Zoological  Journal,  London,  vol.  I, 
p.  71,  1824,  Monograph  of  the  Cypraeidae;  vol.  Ill,  1827,  two  Californian 
species.     Annals  of  Philosophy,  London,  vol.  XII,  p.  103,  1826. 

The  Zoology  of  the  Voyage  of  the  Ship  "  Blossom,"  Captain  Beechey, 
London,  1839,  pp.  117  to   138.     Arctic   and   West   Coast   Shells;  see 


—  15  — 

Broderip  and  Sowerby  for  Southern  species.  (ZoiJl.  of  Beechey's  Voy., 
Zool.  of  "Blossom.") 

Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  of  London,  1847,  p.  66,  on  West  Coast  Chitonida?. 
Same,  1849,  pp.  117  to  122,  on  Anomiada?. 

Catalogues  of  the  Mollusca  in  the  British  Museum.  Part  I,  Cephal- 
opoda, London,  1849.  Part  II,  Pteropoda,  London,  1850.  Part  I\% 
Brachiopoda,  1853.  See  also  D'Orbigny,  Catal.  of  this  collection.  For 
catalogue  of  Veneridae,  etc.,  see  Deshayes. 

Guide  to  the  Systematic  Arrangement  of  Mollusca,  part  I,  1857,  8vo. 
(Gray's  Syst.  Arr.  Moll.) 

Figures  of  Molluscous  Animals,  by  Mrs.  Emma  Gray  (text  by  J.  E. 
Gray),  418  plates,  8vo,  London,  1859.     (Gray,  Fig.  of  Moll.  Anim.) 

HALDEMAN,  S.  S.  Monograph  of  the  Limniades  and  other  Fresh- 
Water  Univalve  Shells  of  North  America.  Philadelphia,  1840  to  1844. 
Issued  in  8  numbers,  with  separate  paging  and  35  plates.  On  covers 
are  also  printed  descriptions  of  West  Coast  species  brought  by  Nuttall^ 
1840  and  1841.     The  latter  are  figured  in  later  numbers,  1842-4. 

Same,  second  edition,  by  George  W.  Tryon,  Philad.,  1871,  enlarged 
and  corrected  to  date;  2  vols.,  many  plates.     (See  Tryon.) 

Proc.  Acad,  of  N.  S.,  Philad.,  vol.  I,  p.  103,  1841,  on  Species  of 
Sphaerium.     (Hald.  Mon.) 

HANLEY,  SYLVANUS.  An  Illustrated  and  Descriptive  Catalogue 
of  Recent  Bivalve  Shells,  with  960  figures,  by  Wood  and  Sowerby 
(forming  an  appendix  to  Wood's  Index  Testaceologicus,  ed.  3,  1856), 
London,  1842  to  1856;  8  plates  of  bivalves.  The  third  edition  of 
Wood's  work  is  mostly  on  Univalve  Shells,  and  50  West  Coast  species 
are  mentioned  in  the  two  volumes,  chiefly  the  larger  kinds,  of  which 
twelve  or  more  are  figured.  Nearly  all  had  been  before  figured  by 
authors,  and  nothing  is  original  on  West  Coast  forms.  The  figures  are, 
however,  generally  good.  See  W.  Wood,  Mawe,  Carpenter,  etc.  (Han- 
ley  Bivalve  Shells,  or  Wood's  Index.) 

Ipsa  Linnrei  Conchylia,  the  shells  of  Linne  determined  by  his 
collections  and  manuscript.     London,  6  colored  plates,  royal  8vo,  1855. 

HAUER,  T.  VON.  Many  papers  and  books  on  living  and  fossil 
Cephalopoda  (chiefly  those  of  Austria,  the  Alps,  etc.).  Vienna,  1845 
to  1866. 

HINDS,  RICHARD  B.,  Surgeon,  R.  N.  Annals  of  Nat.  History, 
London,  vol.  X,  p.  81,  pi.,  61  new  Shells  from  California;  and  vol.  XI, 
p.  255;  vol.  XII,  p.  479;  vol.  XIII,  pp.  137  and  468;  vol.  XIV,  pp.  9  and 
64,  1842  to  1844.  In  last  three  volumes,  copied  from  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  of 
London,  1843  and  1844.  All  are  republished  with  figures,  in  the 
Zoology  of  the  Voyage  of  the  "Sulphur,"  Captain  Sir  Pjdward  Belcher, 
1836  to  1842,  Mollusca;  London,  1844,  with  21   plates.     Over  20  new 


—  16  — 

Californian  species  are  described  and  illustrated;  also  many  Mexican. 
(Hinds,  Zool.  of  "Sulphur.") 

JAY,  Dr.  J.  C.  A  Catalogue  of  Recent  Shells  in  his  Cabinet,  with 
References  and  Synonyms.  New  York,  1835;  edition  second,  1836,  and 
third,  1839,  4to,  contain  descriptions  of  new  species  and  colored  plates; 
fourth  edition,  1850,  479  pp.,  also  contains  a  catalogue  of  conchological 
books  (Jay's  Catal.).  About  12,000  species  are  named. 
.  Expedition  to  Japan  under  Commodore  M.  C.  Perry,  in  1852  to  1854. 
In  vol.  II,  p.  289,  1856,  is.  a  list  of  shells,  with  descriptions  and  figures 
of  new  species  by  Dr.  Jay.  Five  represent  Alaskan  species  or  varieties, 
and  four  are  also  found  on  our  West  Coast.  See  Carpenter,  W.  C.  Moll. 
(Jay,  Perry's  Japan  Exp.) 

JEFFREYS,  J.  G.  British  Conchology,  London,  1862-1869,  5  vols., 
8vo,  147  plates.  The  latest  and  most  complete  general  work  on  the 
subject.  Many  articles  on  special  genera,  etc.,  in  various  journals 
relate  to  species  found  in  California.     (Jeff.  Brit.  Conch.) 

KEEP,  JOSIAH.  Common  Sea  Shells  of  California,  San  Francisco, 
1881,  64  pp.,  95  figures.     (Keep's  Common  Shells.) 

West  Coast  Shells,  1887,  about  200  wood-cuts,  much  better  than  in 
Com.  Shells,  and  include  the  land  species.     (Keep,  W.  C.  Shells.) 

KIENER,  L.  C.  Species  Generales  et  Iconographie  des  Coquilles 
Vivantes,  4to,  Paris,  1834  to  1879;  12  volumes,  containing  monographs 
of  the  showy  species.     Continued  by  P.  Fischer.     (Kiener,  Coq.  Viv.) 

KUSTER,  H.  C,  Editor.  Martini  &  Chemnitz,  Conchylien  Cabinet, 
2d  edit.,  begun  in  1837;  Nurnburg,  4to,  plates.  Continued  by  W. 
Kobelt  and  Weinkauff",  Nurnburg,  to  1887.     (See  Chemnitz.) 

LAMARCK,  J.  B.  P.  de.  Histoire  Naturelle  des  Animaux  sans 
Vertebres,  Paris,  vol.  V,  Conchifera,  1818;  vols.  VI  and  VII,  Mollusca, 
1822.  A  few  circumboreal  and  Mexican  species  included,  that  extend 
to  California.  Second  edition  by  G.  P.  Deshayes,  Paris,  1835-1836, 
contains  a  few  more. 

Vol.  VIII,  1843,  quotes  some  Californian  species  from  other  authors. 
Third  edition,  Brussels,  1839,  adds  more.  B.  Delessert  published  40  or 
more  additional  plates  of  Lamarck's  species  in  Paris,  1841.  (Lamarck, 
Hist.  Nat.) 

LEA,  ISAAC,  LL.D.  A  full  bibliography  of  his  numerous  works  on 
land  and  fresh-water  mollusca,  some  marine  shells,  and  many  fossils 
of  Eastern  United  States  has  been  published.  They  began  in  the 
Transactions  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  Philadelphia, 
1830,  vol.  IV,  and  were  also  issued  as  "Observations  on  the  Genus 
Unio,  etc.,"  with  separate  paging,  but  the  same  plates,  up  to  vol.  X. 
Most  of  the  West  Coast  species  collected  by  Nuttall  are  in  vol.  VI 


—  17  — 

(II)  and  IX  (V),  1839-1844.  In  1858,  they  were  continued,  in  the 
same  style,  in  the  (4to)  Journal  of  the  Acad,  of  Nat.  Sciences  of 
Philadelphia,  vol.  III.  Diagnoses  of  new  species  were  usually  first 
published  in  the  "Proceedings."     (Lea,  Observ.) 

LEACH,  Dr.  WILLIAM  E.  The  Zoological  Miscellany,  3  vols., 
150  plates,  1814-1817.  The  conchological  parts  also  translated  into 
French  by  Chenu,  in  Bibl.  Conch.     (Leach,  Zool.  Misc.) 

LINNE  or  LINN.^US,  CARL  (Author's  Editions).  Systema 
Naturae,  10th  edition,  Halle  et  Magdeburg,  1760.  Vol.  I.  A  few  of  his 
Arctic  and  Pelagic  species  reach  the  North  Pacific. 

See  Hanley's  Ipsa  Linnsei  Conchylia,  the  Shells  of  Linnseus,  de- 
termined from  his  manuscript  and  collections,  with  an  exact  reprint. 
London,  1855.  Species  described  by  Gmelin  and  other  authors  of  later 
editions  are  often  credited  to  Linnaeus,  whose  latest  authorized  edition 
is  the  12th,  1766-1768.     (Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.) 

MARCOU,  JULES.  See  "  The  Writings  of  Jules  Marcou,"  in  Bul- 
letin of  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  30,  by  J.  B.  Marcou,  Washington,  1885, 
on  Mesozoic  and  Tertiary  Geology  of  America,  with  some  plates  of 
fossil  shells. 

MARTYN,  THOMAS.  The  Universal  Conchologist.  London,  1784, 
1  vol.,  4to,  77  colored  figures.  Ten  species  from  California  and  north- 
ward were  first  described  and  figured  in  this  work,  according  to  Car- 
penter, but  some  were  assigned  to  New  Zealand,  and  others  had  names 
preoccupied.  The  figures  are  said  to  be  very  fine,  and  were  reproduced 
by  Chemnitz. 

A  reprint  is  in  Chenu's  Bibliotheque  Conchyliologique,  Paris,  1846. 
( Marty n,  Univ.  Conch.) 

MAWE,  J.  (See  Wood's  Index  Testaceologicus.)  The  Linnsean 
System  of  Conchology,  3d  ed.,  with  additions  by  Mawe,  and  7  colored 
plates.  London,  1825.  Most  of  his  West  Mexican  species  are  credited 
to  Wood,  a  prior  author. 

MEEK,  FIELDING  B.  Geological  Survey  of  California,  by  J.  D. 
Whitney.  Palaeontology,  vol.  I,  Carboniferous  and  Jurassic  Fossils, 
by  F.  b'.  Meek,  1869.  6  plates.  See  "The  Published  Writings  of  F.  B. 
Meek,"  in  Bulletin  No.  30,  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum,  compiled  by  J.  B. 
Marcou,  Washington,  1885. 

MENKE,  C.  T.  Synopsis  Methodica  ^rolluscorum,  Pyrmont,  1830, 
2d  ed. Zeitschrift  fur  Malacozoologie,  1844-1853. 

MIDDENDORF,  A.  TH.  von.  Memoirs  des  Sciences  Naturelles  de 
I'Academie  Imperiale  des  Sciences,  St.  Petersburg,  1847-1849.  Also, 
separate  as  Beitrage  zu  Einer  Malacozoologie  Rossica,  part  I,  1847; 
parts  II,  III,  1849.     Also,  in   "  Reise  in  Sibiriens,"  vol.  II,  1851.     A 


—  18  — 

very  full  synopsis  of  the  Shells  of  the  Arctic  regions  of  both  continents 
as  then  known,  with  many  supposed  Alaskan  species  reported  as  being 
from  South  America  and  elsewhere.  See  Carpenter's  Moll,  of  Western 
North  America,  p.  533.     (Midd.,  Beitrage.) 

MOLLER,  H.  P.  C.  Index  Molluscorum  Groenlandiie,  Copenhagen, 
1842.  New  species  described.  A  few  of  the  species  reach  California. 
(Moller,  Moll.  Grcenl.) 

MONTAGU,  G.  Testacea  Britannica,  or  Natural  History  of  British 
Shells,  London,  1803,  2  vols.,  4to,  16  colored  plates.  Several  of  the 
species  are  found  on  the  West  Coast  of  America. 

Account  of  New  or  Rare  British  Shells,  London,  1815,  4to.  3  plates. 

MORCH,  O.  A.  L.  Malakozoologische  Blatter,  vol.  VI,  1859,  etc. 
Proceedings  Zool.  Soc.  of  London,  1861,  pp.  145-181,  Review  of  the 
Fam.  Vermetidse;  2d  part,  p.  326;  3d  part,  1862,  p.  54.  Novitates 
Conchologicse,  Series  II,  1858-1870,  Sitka  Shells,  by  Morch  &  Dunker. 

MORSE,  E.  L.  Proceedings  of  Boston  Soc.  of  Natural  History, 
vol.  VI,  p.  128;  vol.  VIII,  p.  28,  1857-1859.  See  W.  G.  Binney's 
Manual  of  American  Land  Shells  for  further  references. 

MULLER,  0.  F.  Vermium  Terrestrium  et  Fluviatilium  Historia, 
Copenhagen,  1773-1774,  2  vols.,  folio,  with  colored  plates.  Circum- 
boreal  Shells. 

Zoologia  Danica,  4  vols.,  folio,  Copenhagen,  1788-1806,  160  colored 
plates.     (Miill.  Zool.  Dan.) 

NEWCOMB,  WESLEY,  M.D.  Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Natural 
History  of  New  York,  vol.  VII,  1860,  p.  146;  and  1861,  p.  287,  on  New 
Pupillai. 

Proceedings  California  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  1862,  vol.  II,  p.  91,  on 
New  California  Pulmonata;  1863,  vol.  Ill,  pp.  115,  121,  on  Land  and 
Marine  Mollusca. 

NUTTALL,  THOMAS,  Professor  Natural  Sciences,  Harvard  Univer- 
sity. The  collections  already  mentioned  as  described  by  Conrad  and 
Lea,  from  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1837  and  1839,  were  collected  by  Nuttall 
in  1834  and  1835.  He  gave  naanuscript  names  to  many  of  his  species, 
which  were  distributed  as  labeled,  but  not  described,  and  some  of  them 
appear  thus  in  Jay's  catalogues,  but  are  onl}'  synonyms,  chiefly  of  the 
species  described  by  Middendortf,  as  well  as  by  later  authors.  A  few 
were  named  by  Reeve  from  Nuttall's  labels.     (See  Reeve.) 

Carpenter  did  the  same  for  species  of  Nuttall  described  in  Proc.  Zool. 
Soc,  1856,  and  apparently  Phillipi.  also.  See  "The  Mollusca  of 
Western  North  America,"  pp.  636  to  663;  also,  descriptions  reprinted 
from  Jour,  de  Conch,  in  Appendix. 


—  19  — 

PETIT,  L.  (de  la  Saussaye.)  Journal  de  Conchyliologie,  Paris, 
1850-1853  (first  series),  including  both  recent  and  fossil  shells  (colored 
plates).     Continued  by  P.  Fischer,  A.  C.  Bernardi,  and  H.  Crosse. 

PFEIFFER,  C.  and  L.  On  Land  and  Fresh- Water  Mollusca  only; 
numerous  publications  between  1821  and  1870.  As  the  references  to 
United  States  species  are  all  quoted  by  W.  G.  Binney,  in  the  Manual 
of  American  Land  Shells,  and  elsewhere  in  works  easily  accessible,  it 
is  unnecessary  to  quote  all  original  publications  here.  (Novitates 
Conchologicse.     See  Dunker.) 

PHILLIPI,  R.  A.  and  E.  B.  Abbildungen  und  Beschreibungen 
Conchylien,  etc.,  Cassel,  1842  to  1851.  Published  in  parts,  with  144 
plates,  3  vols.,  4to.     (Phil.  Abbild.) 

In  Kuster's  edition  of  Martini  and  Chemnitz's  Conchylien,  1844 
and  later,  monographs  of  various  genera.  Also  in  German  and  English 
scientific  journals,  1845  to  1853.  Most  of  his  Western  United  States 
species  (according  to  Carpenter),  as  well  as  the  Mexican,  had  been 
before  described. 

PRIME,  TEMPLE.  Monograph  of  American  Corbiculadaj,  Recent 
and  Fossil,  with  wood-cuts  of  all  living  species.  Washington,  D.  C, 
1865.  Smithsonian  Miscellaneous  Collections.  References  given  to  all 
prior  descriptions.     (Prime,  Mon.  Corbie.) 

American  Journal  of  Conchology,  vol.  VI,  1869,  Catalogue  of  the 
Corbiculada?.  Report  of  the  U.  S.  Geog.  Surveys  west  of  longitude 
100°,  under  Captain  G.  M.  Wheeler,  Washington,  1875,  Vol.  V,  p.  949. 
Mollusca,  by  Dr.  H.  C.  Yarrow.  Note  by  Prime.  (Latest  publication, 
1878.) 

QUENSTEDT,  F.  A.  Petrefactenkunde  Deutschlands,  Tubigen,  1849, 
8vo;  atlas,  36  plates,  folio.  (Quenst.  Petrifact.)  Die  Fossilen  Brach- 
iopoden,  Leipsic,  1871,  8vo;  atlas,  25  plates,  folio.  (Quenst.  Foss. 
Brach.)  Die  Ammoniten  des  Schwabiens  Juras,  Stuttgart,  1883-1887, 
8vo;  atlas,  78  plates,  folio.     (Quenst.  Ammonit.) 

RECLUZ,  M.  C.  (see  Petit).  Journal  de  Conchyliologie,  Paris,  1853 
to  1872,  first  series.  See  Index  Generale  et  Systematique  des  Vingt 
Premiers  Volumes,  etc.,  Paris,  1878.  The  Journal  is  still  issued,  by 
Crosse  and  Fischer.     (Recluz,  Jour,  de  Conchyl.) 

REDFIELD,  JOHN  H.  Annals  of  New  York  Lyceum  of  Nat.  Hist., 
vol.  IV,  p.  163,  and  later  articles  on  Marginella. 

REEVE,  LOVELL  A.  (and  G.  B.  Sowerby).  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  of 
London,  1842-1846  (repeated  in  Annals  of  Nat.  Hist.)  A  few  West 
Coast  Shells. 

Conchologia  Iconica,  4to,  London,  1843  to  1878.  Illustrations  of 
Shells,  classified,  with   monographs  by  various  authors.     The  figures 


—  20  — 

are  very  fine,  but  errors  occur  in  the  text,  many  of  which  are  corrected 
by  Carpenter  in  Moll,  of  Western  North  America,  p.  562.  Over  2,700 
plates  have  been  issued.  Continued  since  1865,  by  Sowerby.  (Reeve, 
Conch.  Icon.) 

REMOND,  AUGUSTE.  Proceedings  of  the  Cal.  Acad,  of  Nat. 
Sciences,  vol.  Ill,  13-52,  1863,  on  New  Tertiary  Fossils  (two  Mollusks, 
five  Radiata).  See  also  his  Geological  Explorations  in  Northern 
Mexico,  on  p.  244  of  same  volume,  March,  1886.  See  also  Paleontology 
of  California,  vol.  II,  p.  270,  and  figures  of  his  new  species,  by  W.  M. 
Gabb. 

ROEMER,  Dr.  FERDINAND.  Texas,  Mit  Einem  Naturwissen- 
schaftlichen  Anhange,  Bonn,  1849.  Catalogues  of  Mollusca  and 
Fossils  given,  but  none  of  his  new  living  species  extend  to  California. 
(Roemer,  Kreidebild.) 

ROWELL,  Rev.  JOSEPH.  (See  Newcomb.)  Proceedings  Cali- 
fornia Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  vol.  Ill,  p.  21;  1863,  p.  353.  Mr.  Rowell 
also  collected  largely  at  Panama,  etc.  See  Carpenter's  Moll,  of  Western 
North  America. 

SARS,  M.  and  G.  0.  Works  on  Mollusca  of  Norway,  issued  from 
1835  to  1838,  8  vols.,  and  many  plates.  Bergen  and  Christiania.  Some 
Arctic  species  also  found  in  California. 

SAY,  THOMAS.  (Reprint  of  works  by  Binney.)  The  complete 
writings  of  Thomas  Say,  on  the  Conchology  of  the  United  States,  edited 
by  W.  G.  Binney,  New  York,  1856  to  1858,  with  75  plates,  mostly  from 
originals  on  copper;  a  few  fac  similes  of  lithographs.  1  vol.,  250  pp. 
The  species  extending  to  the  West  Coast  are  all  small  land  and  fluvia- 
tile  mollusks.  One  or  two  by  older  authors  are  figured  that  may  be 
identical  on  both  shores  of  North  America.  The  fossils  especiall}'^  need 
close  comparison.  His  writings  date  from  1817  to  1834,  he  being  the 
first  American  conchological  author. 

SHUMARD,  B.  F.  See  writings  of  B.  F.  Shumard  in  Bulletin  of 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  30,  Washington,  D.  C,  1885. 

SOWERBY,  JAMES,  and  JAMES  De  CARLE.  The  Mineral  Con- 
chology of  Great  Britain,  12  vols.,  8vo,  648  colored  plates,  London, 
1812-1829.     (Sby.  Min.  Conch.) 

The  Genera  of  Recent  and  Fossil  Shells,  London,  1820-1824,  2  vols., 
8vo,  and  Zoological  Journal,  1825-1835,  5  vols.,  8vo,  both  with  colored 
plates,  illustrate  several  West  U.  S.  Coapt  species  of  other  authors,  as 
well  as  their  own  new  ones.     (Sowerby,  Genera.) 

SOWERBY,  GEORGE  B.  (See  Broderip.)  A  Catalogue  of  the 
Shells  in  the  Collection  of  the  Earl  of  Tanker ville,  with  an  Appendix, 
describing  new  species.     Small  4to.     9  plates,  colored.     London,  1825. 


—  21  — 

Ten  or  more  Californian  species  are  named,  and  some  described.  See 
Carpenter's  Moll,  of  West  Amer,,  p.  522,  showing  enormous  prices  set 
on  some  common  Californian  shells,  then  rare.     (Sby.  Tank.  Catal.) 

The  Malacological  Magazine.  Part  II.  London,  1838-1839.  Mono- 
graph of  Genus  Margarita  (figured  in  next  work). 

SOWERBY,  G.  B.  and  G.  B.,  Jr.  The  Conchological  Illustrations, 
colored  figures  of  all  hitherto  unfigured  recent  shells.  London,  1832- 
1841,  2  vols.,  12mo,  200  plates.  Several  Californian  and  Mexican  species 
(chiefly  described  by  other  authors)  are  figured.     (Sby.  Conch.  111.) 

A  Conchological  Manual,  illustrated  by  500  figures  of  shells.  Lon- 
don, 1839.     (Sby.  Conch.  Manual.) 

Thesaurus  Conchyliorum,  or  Figures  and  Descriptions  of  Shells. 
Published  in  parts,  1842  to  1859.  Excellent  illustrations  of  all  the 
new  species  obtained,  with  monographs  of  many  genera  by  A.  Adams, 
Hanley,  Hinds,  etc.  See  also  Reeve,  Conchologia  Iconica.  (Sby.  Thes. 
Conch.) 

STEARNS,  ROBERT  E.  C.  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  vol. 
Ill,  pp.  275  to  384.  Several  Catalogues  of  West  Coast  Shells,  and 
notes  on  habits,  etc.  Vol.  IV,  p.  226,  1872,  various  papers  on  distribu- 
tion of  shells.  Vol.  V,  1873-1874,  pp.  77  and  78,  New  Marine  Mollusks 
from  the  West  Coast  of  North  America.  Several  papers  on  other 
subjects.  Later  papers  and  descriptions  of  New  Mollusca  from  the 
West  Coast  will  be  found  in  current  Eastern  journals.  Several  new 
species  were  described  in  loose  sheets  issued  as  "  Conchological  Memo- 
randa." 

STIMPSON,  WILLIAM.  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  of  Nat.  History,  vol.  Ill, 
1850,  vol.  IV,  1851-1852,  contain  descriptions  of  many  Eastern  Marine 
Mollusks,  with  some  also  found  in  the  North  Pacific. 

Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences  of  Philad.,  1855,  p.  376.  Descriptions  of 
some  of  the  New  Marine  Invertebrates  from  Chinese  and  Japanese  Seas, 
etc.,  all  being  species  without  external  shells,  need  comparison  with 
those  of  Western  North  America.  Also,  papers  in  the  American 
Journal  of  Conchology,  7  vols.,  8vo,  1865-1872. 

SWAINSON,  WILLIAM.  Zoological  Illustrations,  including  Figures 
and  Descriptions  of  Birds,  Insects,  and  Shells,  6  vols.,  8vo,  318  colored 
plates.  The  Shells  in  5  parts,  40  colored  plates,  4to,  London,  1820  to 
1833.     (Sw.  Zool.  111.) 

Exotic  Conchology,  or  Drawings  of  Rare  Shells,  etc.,  48  plates,  4to, 
London,  1834.     Also,  2d  ed.  by  Hanley,  1841.     (Sw.  Exot.  Conch.) 

TRASK,  J.  B.  (first  State  Geologist  of  California).  Proc.  Cal.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sciences,  vol.  I,  1855,  pp.  27-29,  Descriptions  of  New  Species  of 
Naiades,     p.  39,  Description  of  Ammonites  Batesii.     p.  40,  Description 

3f 


—  22  — 

of  Fossil   Shells,      p.   85,   New   Species   of  Ammonite    and   Baculite. 
p.  93,  Descriptions  of  New  Species  of  Plagiostoma. 

TRYON,  GEORGE  W.  A  Monograph  of  the  Order  of  Pholadacea, 
etc.,  1  vol.,  8vo,  1  plate,  Philadelphia,  1862. 

Editor  of  the  American  Journal  of  Conchology,  Philadelphia,  1865- 
1872,  7  vols.,  8vo.     Numerous  plates. 

Monograph  of  the  Fresh-Water  Univalve  Mollusca  of  the  United 
States,  a  new  edition  of  Haldeman's  work,  with  many  additions,  2  vols., 
8vo,  with  colored  plates.  Philadelphia,  1871.  (Tryon's  Ed.  Hald. 
Monog. ) 

American  Marine  Conchology,  Philadelphia,  1873-1874  (Atlantic 
Coast  only),  1  vol.,  8vo,  208  pp.,  44  plates.     (Tryon's  Marine  Conch.) 

Manual  of  Conchology,  Structural  and  Systematic.  Philadelphia, 
1879  to  1888,  11  vols,  (five  on  Land  Shells).  This  most  complete  and 
perfect  general  work  on  Mollusca,  with  figures  of  all  known  species, 
finely  colored  by  hand,  is  being  continued  by  Mr.  H.  A.  Pilsbry. 
(Tryon's  Manual.) 

VALENCIENNES,  A.  Recueil  d'Observations  de  Zoologie,  etc.,  par 
Al.  de  Humboldt  et  A.  Bonpland.     Vol.  II.     Paris,  1833. 

Voyage  autour  du  Monde  sur  la  "  Venus "  pendant  les  Annees 
1836-1839,  par  M.  du  Petit  Thouars.  24  plates;  issued  in  1846.  (VaL 
Voy.  "Venus.") 

WHITE,  C.  A.  On  Invert.  Foss.  from  Pacific  Coast,  from  Bull,  of 
U.  S.  G.eol.  Survey,  No.  51,  Wash.,  1889.  Contains  descriptions  and 
figures  of  seventeen  Cretaceous  and  two  Eocene  species  from  California, 
with  plates;  also  several  others  from  Oregon  and  Washington,  with 
older  Mesozoic  species  from  Alaska.  See  Catalogue  of  the  published 
writings  of  Dr.  White,  on  Fossils,  1860  to  1885,  by  J.  B.  Marcou,  in 
Bulletin  of  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  30,  pp.  103  to  181. 

WOOD,  SEARLES  V.  Monograph  of  the  Crag  Mollusca.  5  parts. 
London,  1886-1887,  4to,  81  plates. 

Eocene  Bivalves,  1  vol.,  1860  to  1877,  4to,  28  plates.  (Wood,  S.,  Crag 
Moll,  and  Eocene  Biv.) 

WOOD,  WILLIAM.  General  Conchology,  royal  8vo,  59  colored 
plates.  London,  1859.  Index  Testaceologicus;  Catalogue  of  Shells 
according  to  the  Linnsean  System,  8vo,  2,300  colored  figures;  same 
date.     See  also   Hanley's  third  edition,  1856.     (Wood's   Index  Test.) 

WOODWARD,  S.  P.  A  Manual  of  the  Mollusca;  Recent  and  Fossil 
Shells,  London,  1851,  1  vol.,  12mo,  25  plates,  and  many  wood-cuts. 
Also  a  later  edition  by  R.  Tate,  with  additions.  Contains  figures  of 
some  West  American  shells,     (Woodw.  Man.) 


—  23  — 


PAET  III. 

ADDITIONS  TO  THE  CATALOGUE  OF  CALIFORNIAN  FOSSILS 

OBTAINED  SINCE  1888. 


TERTIARY  AND  QUATERNARY  MOLLUSCA. 

A  supplementary  list  is  here  given  of  the  additions  made  to  the 
described  species  of  fossils  found  in  the  State  since  1888.  Many  others 
are  still  undetermined.  It  has  been  possible  to  identify  several  of  the 
species  described  by  Conrad,  which  were  marked  in  the  Catalogue  of 
1888  as  "  not  identified,"  fresh  specimens  of  them  having  been  obtained 
by  Dr.  Bowers  near  the  original  localities.  These  are  named  in  the 
following  list,  but  in  some  cases  will  probably  be  found  to  be  synony- 
mous with  species  before  named: 

1.  Arcopagia  unda  Conr. 

2.  Dosinia  longula  Conr. 

3.  Ostrea  panzana  Conr. 

4.  Ostrea  suhjecta  Conr. 

5.  Pecten  deserti  Conr. 

6.  Pecten  discus  Con. 

7.  Pleurotoma  transmontana  Conr. 

8.  Purpura  petrosa  Conr. 

9.  Saxicava  abrupta  Conr. 
10.    Venus  pajaroensis  Conr. 

Of  these,  numbers  1,  2,  3,  4,  6,  7  may  prove  good  species,  but  the 
specimens  are  scarcely  good  enough  to  decide  as  yet.  Nos.  8,  9,  10  are 
probably  the  species  suggested  in  the  Catalogue  of  1888. 

In  quoting  original  descriptions  and  figures  the  full  synonymy  is  not 
given,  but  merely  the  first  author,  and  one  or  more  later  or  easily  found 
descriptions  or  figures,  when  any  such  is  known. 

Of  Cretaceous  and  Eocene  fossils  many  additional  localities  have 
been  found,  and  the  list  of  species  occurring  in  the  Santa  Ana 
Mountains  of  Orange  C-ounty  was  much  increased  by  the  collections  of 
Dr.  Bowers.  Several  more  species  have  thus  been  added  to  the  list  of 
those  also  found  in  Northern  Mexico,  Texas,  and  more  eastern  states, 
showing  a  connection  of  the  oceans  before  the  Tertiary  age. 


—  24  — 
ADDITIONS  TO  TERTIARY  AND  QUATERNARY  FOSSILS. 

Acmaea?  instabilis  Gould. 

U.  S.  Expl.  Exp'd.,  Moll.,  p.  9. 
Living — Straits  of  Fuca  to  Monterey. 
Quat. — San  Nicolas  I.  (Bowers). 

Amiantis  callosa  Conrad. 

Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  vol.  VII,  1837,  p.  252. Keep,  Common 

Sea  Shells,  1881,  pi.  14,  f.  5. 

Living — Santa  Barbara  to  Cape  St.  Lucas. 
Quat. — Orange  County  (Bowers). 

Area  ponderosa  Say? 

Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  vol.  II,  p.  267,  1822. 

Living — Southern  U.  S.  Coast. 

PL — Same  coast  (and  West  Coast?). 

Oalliostoma  supragranosum  Carpenter. 

Moll,  of  W.  North  Amer.  (1864),  p.  139,  653. Carpenter,  Proc.  Cal. 

Acad.  Sc,  vol.  Ill,  p.  214,  1865. 

Living — Monterey  to  San  Pedro?     San  Diego. 
PL? — Ventura  County  (Bowers). 

Pterorhytis  foliatus  Martyn. 

Univ.  Conchol.,  No.  66,  pi.  24,  f.  1,  1784. Keep,  Common  Shells. 

p.  21,  pi.  3,  f.  6. 

Living — Sitka  to  Santa  Barbara.     Asia. 

Quat. — San  Joaquin  Bay,  Orange  County  (Bowers). 

Chama  exogyra  Conrad. 

Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  Philad.,  1837,  p.  256. 
Living — Bodega  Bay  to  San  Diego.  Mazatlan? 
Quat. — Santa  Barbara  to  San  Pedro.     San  Nicolas  Island  (S.  Bowers). 

Chama  pellucida  Sowerby. 

C.  spinosa  Broderip,  var.  2.     Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1834,  p.  150. 

Carp.,  Moll,   of  W.  N.  America,  p.    641    (127). Keep,  West  Coast 

Shells,  p.  182,  f.  155. 

These  two  forms  seem  to  intergrade,  and  are  often  hard  to  separate, 
especially  the  fossil  specimens. 

The  former  also  runs  into  C.  exogyra  Con.,  which  sometimes  has 
dextral  and  sinistral  shells  together  in  one  group.  Whether  any  of 
them  are  identical  with  the  tropical  species  of  same  names  or  not  is 


—  25  — 

8till  uncertain,  or  the  two  former  may  he  dwarfed  varieties  of  other 
species. 

Living — C.  " pellucida,''  Farallon  Islands  to  San  Diego.  South 
America.  C.  "spinosa,"  Catalina  I.  to  San  Diego.  Mexico.  Galapagos 
Is.? 

PI. — Ventura  County  (S.  Bowers). 

Ohama  spinosa  Broderip. 

Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1834,  p.  150. Reeve,  Conch.  Icon.,  pi.  7, 

f.  35. 

Living — Catalina  I.  to  San  Diego.     Mexico. 
Mioc.f — Ventura  County  (Bowers). 

Chrysodomus  spitzbergensis  Reeve. 

Fusus  spitzbergensis  Reeve.     Last  of  the  Arctic  Voyages  (Belcher's), 

1855,  vol.  II,  p.  359,  pi.  32,  f.  6,  a,  b. W.  Cooper,  Pac.  R.  R.  Report, 

vol.  XII,  p.  370. 

Living — Spitzbergen  I.,  Arctic  Sea.  Norton  Sound,  Alaska  (Mur- 
dock). 

Quat. — Santa  Barbara  (S.  Bowers).  A  very  small  specimen,  identified 
by  Mr.  Dall.     (Comp.  Siphonalia  fuscotincta  Carp.) 

Conus  brunneus  Wood. 

Index  Testae.  Suppl.,  1828,  pi.  3,  f.  1. 
Living — Cape  St.  Lucas  and  West  Mexico. 
Mine. — Simi,  Ventura  County  (S.  Bowers). 

Oyathodonta  undulata  Conrad. 

Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  1854,  p.  121. 
Living — Santa  Barbara  to  Gulf  of  California. 
PI. — Ventura  (S.  Bowers). 

Cylichna  inculta  Gould. 

Pac.  R.  R.  Rept.,  vol.  V,  app.  p.  330,  pi.  XI,  f.  27,  28,  29. 

Living — San  Diego. 

Quat. — Ventura  County  (Bowers). 

Cypricardia  pedroana  Conrad. 

Petricola  pedroana  Con.  Pac.  R.  R.  Rept.,  vol.  V,  app.  p.  324,  pi. 
Ill,  f.  24.     Identified  by  Dall  from  type. 

Quat. — "Recent  Formation,  San  Pedro"  (W.  P.  Blake).  Los  Angeles 
City,  about  20-30  feet  below  surface  (Mrs.  M.  B.  Williamson).  Large 
colonies  of  this  fossil  were  found  in  making  excavations  into  the  ter- 
races north  of  the  city. 


—  26  — 

From  their  fragile  condition  it  was  impossible  to  preserve  entire 
specimens,  though  the  shells  were  from  one  eighth  to  one  sixth  inch 
thick,  long  soaking  by  rain  water  having  softened  them. 

All  differ  from  "P.  pedroana  "  as  figured,  in  the  absence  of  concentric 
ridges  and  radiating  lines.  Although  called  "recent"  by  Blake  and 
Conrad,  this  is  certainly  an  extinct  species,  and  from  those  associated 
with  it  seems  Pliocene,  or  at  least  Quaternary. 

Fusus  ambustus  Gould. 

Proc.  Best.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  1851,  in  part,  Mexican  and  Californian 
Shells,  p.  12,  pi.  14,  f.  18. 

Living — Southern  California?     Mazatlan. 

PL — Dead  Man's  Island,  San  Pedro  Bay  (Mrs.  Williamson).  Ventura 
County  (Bowers). 

Fusus  corpulentus  Conrad. 

U.  S.  Expl.   Exp.,  Geology,  p.  728,  pi.  20,  f.  4. Amer.   Jour,  of 

Conch.,  1865,  p.  150. Dall,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  XIV,  1891, 

p.  179. 

Mioc. — Astoria,  Oregon.  Dead  Man's  Island.  San  Pedro  Bay,  Cal. 
(Miss  Monks  and  Mrs.  M.  B.  Williamson). 

PliocJ — Mr.  Dall  calls  this  island  Miocene,  but  the  proportions  of 
living  species  found  there  do  not  indicate  older  strata  than  Pliocene. 
The  upper  layers  seem  to  be  Quaternary. 

Mr.  Gabb  also  considered  the  lower  beds  Miocene,  but  many  more 
species  have  been  collected  since  he  was  there. 

Fusus  dupetithouarsi  Kiener. 

Coq.  Vivants,  No.  11,  p.  15,  pi.  11  (date?). 

Living — Cape  St.  Lucas  and  West  Mexico. 

Quai. — Santa  Barbara  to  Dead  Man's  I.,  San  Pedro  Bay  (S.  Bowers). 
Specimens  obtained  by  Whitney's  Geological  Survey  were  referred  to 
this  species,  but  were  too  imperfect  for  certainty.  Dr.  Bowers'  better 
ones,  compared  with  recent  Mexican  shells,  show  no  difference. 

Gadinia  reticulata  Sowerby?  (var.  radiata,  J.  G.  Cooper). 

Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  of  Lond.,  1835,  p.  6,  Mouretia. Carp.,  Shells  of 

West  N.  America,  p.  152,  651. Gabb.,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sc.  3,  p.  188. 

(Rowellia  radiata  J.  G.  Cooper.)  Dall,  Amer.  Jour.  Conch.,  VII, 
1870,  pi.  2  and  4. Keep,  West  Coast  Shells,  p.  98,  f.  83. 

Living — Farallon  I.  to  San  Diego.     Mexico. 

Quat. — San  Nicolas  I.  (S.  Bowers.) 


o 


Z/ 


Glyphis  densiclathrata  Reeve. 

Conch.  Icon.,  Fissurella,  pi.  9,  sp.  64. 

Living — Ballenas  Bay  to  San  Diego. 

Quat. — San  Joaquin  Bay,  Orange  County  (Bowers). 

Lottia  gigantea  Gray. 

Philos.  Trans.,  1833,  p.  800. Sby.  Gen.,  pt.  42,  fig.  1. Reeve, 

Conch.  Syst.,  II,  f.  1. Carp.,  Jour,  de  Conchyl.,  XII,  1865,  p.  140. 

Moll,  of  West  N.  Amer.,  p.  309. Ball,  Amer.  Jour,  of  Conch.,  VI, 

1871,  pp.  238,  290. Keep,  Common  Shells,  p.  40,  pi.  XI,  f.  1. 

West  Coast  Shells,  p.  98,  f.  84. 

Living — Farallon  Is.  to  Lower  California.     South  America? 

P/..^— Santa  Rosa  I.  (C.  D.  Voy). 

Quat. — San  Nicolas  I.  (S.  Bowers). 

Lucapina  crenulata  Sowerby. 

Tank.  Catal.,  1825,  VI,  No.  796.     Conch.  111.,  No.  19,  f.  31,  38. 

Keep,  West  Coast  Shells,  p.  95,  f.  79. 
Living — Monterey  to  San  Diego. 
Quat. — San  Joaquin  Bay,  Orange  County,  and  Ventura  (S.  Bowers). 

Macron  kelleti  A.  Adams. 

Pseudoliva  kelleti,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1853,  p.  185. Carpenter, 

Moll,  of  West  Amer.,  1863,  p.  664  (150). 
Living — Catalina  I.  to  Lower  California. 
Quat. — San  Joaquin  Bay,  Orange  County. 
PI. — Ventura  (S.  Bowers). 

Mangilia  angulata  Carpenter. 

Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  1865,  p.  182. Moll,  of  West  N.  Amer., 

p.  284. 

lAving — Straits  of  Fuca  to  San  Diego. 

Quat. — San  Joaquin  Bay,  Orange  County  (Bowers). 

Mangilia  hexagona  Gabb. 

Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sc,  III,  1865,  p.  185. 
Living — Monterey  to  Catalina  Island. 
Quat. — Sta.  Barbara  (S.  Bowers). 

Margarita  cidaris  Carpenter. 

Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  XIV.,  1864,  p.  426. XV,  1865,  p.  29. 

Moll,  of  West  N.  Amer.,  p.  238. Solnriella  oxybasis  Dall,  Proc.  Nat. 

Mus.,  1889,  p.  352,  pi.  XII,  f.  6,  young. 

Liinng — Neeah  Bay,  Wash.  (J.  G.  Swan). 


—  28  — 

Quat. — Dead  Man's  Island,  San  Pedro  Bay  (Mrs.  M.  B.  Williamson). 

Carpenter  describes  this  shell,  but  gives  it  as  named  by  A.  Adams. 
No  reference  to  Adams'  works  is  given.  Identified  by  Mr.  Dall,  from 
types. 

Note. — The  locality  for  the  fossil  shell  quoted  in  the  Catalogue  of 

Fossils,  1888,  "San  Marcial."  cannot  be  found  in  California.     Such  a 

place  is  on  the  peninsula,  east  side,  near  latitude  25°  30',  where  fossils 

were  collected  by  Aug.  Remond,  and  is  in  the  belt  of  Tertiary  according 

to  Gabb. 

Modiola  modiolus  Linne. 

Syst.  Nat.,  No.  1158. Binney,  Gould's  Moll,  of  Mass.,  p.  186,  f.  485. 

Living — Circumboreal,  south  to  San  Pedro  in  Calif. 
Mioc. — Ventura  County  (S.  Bowers). 

Monoceros  lapilloides  Conrad. 

Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil,  VII,  1837,  p.  265,  pi.  20,  f.  18. Keep, 

Common  Shells,  p.  19,  pi.  Ill,  f.  1. 
Living — Monterey  to  Santa  Barbara. 
Quat. — Ventura  County  (Bowers). 

Murex  radix  Gmelin  (var.  nigritus,  Phillipi). 

Syst.  Nat.,  p.  3527,  No.  10. Reeve,  Con.  Icon.  Murex,  pi.  17,  f.  69, 

1845. Phil.,  Abbild.,  1845,  p.  1,  pi.  1. Carp.,  Mazat.  Shells,  p.  521, ' 

525  {M.princeps  Brod.,  1832). 

The  Rev.  J.  Rowell  compared  the  specimens  with  a  large  series  of 
the  above  forms  from  west  tropical  America,  and  considers  them 
between  nigritus  and  princeps.  They  doubtless  represent  an  ancestral 
form,  now  more  or  less  divided  into  sub-species.  M.  radix  was  also 
found  fossil  by  H.  Hemphill,  in  Southern  or  Lower  California. 
(Catal.  of  N.  Amer.  Shells,  1890.) 

Living — Margarita  Bay,  Lower  California,  to  Panama  (and  South 
America?). 

Mioc. — Foothills  of  Orange  County  at  over  1,000  feet  elevation  (S. 
Bowers). 

Murex  trialatus  Sowerby?  (not  of  Kiener  or  of  other  authors). 

The  synonymy  is  very  unsettled.     Not  found  in  tropical  America? 

Living — San  Diego  and  southward.     Determined  by  Mr.  Dall. 

PL — Ventura  (S.  Bowers).  Except  in  absence  of  a  spur,  smaller 
mouth,  and  various  color-bands,  this  shell  does  not  differ  much  from 
Pterorhytis  foliatus,  and  may  be  only  a  southern  variety  of  that  varia- 
ble shell. 


—  29  — 
Muricidea  subangulata  Stearns. 

Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sciences,  vol.  V,  p.  81,  pi.  1,  f.  4,  1873. 
Living — San  Miguel  Island,  Santa  Barbara  County  (W.  G.  W.  Har- 
ford). 

Quat. — San  Nicolas  Island,  Ventura  County  (S.  Bowers). 

My  a  arenaria  Linne. 

Syst.  Nat.,  p.  1112. Dall,  Shells  of  S.E.  Coast  of  U.  S.,  3  figures. 

Living — Circumboreal;  south  to  England,  South  Carolina,  Sitka, 
Japan.     Naturalized  in  San  Francisco  Bay. 

PI. — San  Joaquin  Valley.  Not  on  coast  nor  in  Quaternary  beds. 
Specimens  of  this  familiar  species  have  long  been  suspected  to  occur  in 
the  valley,  but  only  in  1893  was  their  identity  established  by  many 
perfect  specimens  brought  by  Mr.  Watts  from  west  of  Tulare  Lake. 
Their  absence  from  the  Quaternary  along  the  coast,  and  the  cause  of 
their  extinction  at  present  between  San  Joaquin  Valley  and  Sitka, 
while  they  have  increased  enormously  in  San  Francisco  Bay  since  re- 
introduction  in  1869,  are  problems  which  deserve  thorough  investigation. 
Not  the  slightest  specific  difierence  exists  between  these  fossils  and  recent 
specimens  from  San  Francisco  Bay,  Eastern  U.  S.,  and  England. 

Nassa  californiana  Conrad. 

Schizopyga   californiana  Con.     Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  1850,  p. 

315-;  Pacif.  R.  Pv.  Rep.,  VI,  p.  69,  pi.  2,  f.  1,  1857. Dall,  Proc.  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.,  1891,  p.  177  (Nassa).  N.fossata  var.,  Gabb,  Pal.  of  Cal.,  vol. 
II,  p.  47,  74,  1869,  and  of  authors. 

Living — Drake's  Bay  to  Cedros  Is.,  Lower  Calif.,  in  25-65  fms.  U.  S. 
FishComm.  (Dall). 

PL? — Dead  Man's  I.,  San  Pedro,  and  Los  Angeles  City  (Miss  Monks, 
Mrs.  Williamson,  etc.). 

Mioc. — Sta.  Clara  County,  and  other  localities.  Mr.  Dall  separates 
this  from  N.  fossata  as  the  "  ancestor,"  although  it  is  also  found  living, 
and  is  more  probably  a  deep-water  form  connected  by  intergrades. 
They  were  combined  as  N.fossata  in  Pal.  of  Cal.,  vol.  II. 

Natica  russa  Gould. 

Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  1859,  Expedition  Shells. Otia,  p.  109, 

1862. Carp.,  Moll,  of  West  Amer.,  1863,  p.  586  (72). 

Living — Arctic  Ocean,  Pacific  side  (Stimpson). 

Quati — Sta.  Barbara  (S.  Bowers).  Separated  by  Dall  from  N.  clausa, 
as  given  by  Gabb  in  Pal.  of  Calif.,  p.  77. 


—  30  — 

Ocinebra  circumtexta  Stearns. 

"Occasional  papers,"  May,  1871. Amer.  Jour,  of  Conch.,  March, 

1872,  vol.  VII,  p.  172,  pi.  14,  f.  14  (not  15). 0.  lurida,  var.  d.  Carp., 

Mss. No.  762  (J.  G.  Cooper),  Geog.  Catal.,  part. Keep,  West  Coast 

Shells,  p.  24,  f.  6. 

Living — Monterey  to  San  Miguel  I. 

Quat. — San  Joaquin  Bay,  Orange  County,  and  San  Nicolas  Island 
(S.  Bowers). 

Ocinebra  poulsoni  Carpenter. 

Jour,  de  Conchy  1.,  XII.,  1865,  p.   148. Moll,  of  West.  Amer.,  p. 

151,  316. 

Living — Santa  Barbara  to  San  Diego. 
Quat. — Ventura,  Calif.  (S.  Bowers). 

Ostrea  palmula  Carpenter. 

0.  conchaphila,  var.  palviula.  Carp.,  Mazatlan  Shells,  p.  163,  1857; 
"A  distinct  species,"  in  Appendix,  p.  550.  Also,  in  Proc.  Zool.  Soc. 
Lond.,  1863,  p.  364. Moll,  of  West.  Amer.,  pp.  199,  (646),  (132). 

Living — San  Diego  to  Panama. 

PI. — Ventura  County  (S.  Bowers).     Identified  by  Dall.     This  is  one 

of  the  marine  plicated  forms  like   0.  vespertina   Conrad,  and  several 

others  of  my  former  Catalogue,  that  will  probably  be  united   as  one 

species. 

Ostrea  subfalcata?  Conrad. 

Foss.  of  Med.  Tertiary  Formation,  p.  50,  pi.  XXV,  f.  2. Heilprin, 

in  Foss.  Ost.  of  N.  Amer.  Geol.  Kept.,  1884,  p.  313,  pi.  68,  f.  1,  2,  3. 

C.  R.  Orcutt,  "  The  Colorado  Desert,"  in  10th  Annual  Pveport  of  the 
State  Mineralogist,  1890,  pp.  839-916. 

Carrizo  Creek,  San  Diego  County  (C.  R.  Orcutt).  The  "expert"  of 
the  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  who  named  the  specimens  sent  from  Carrizo 
Creek  by  Orcutt,  may  have  easily  mistaken  those  of  0.  vespertina  Con. 
for  the  above-named  fossil,  before  known  only  from  Virginia,  though 
there  are  some  strong  differences  in  the  types  as  described  by  Conrad, 
who  also  remarks  on  their  resemblances.  It  might  be  supposed  that  if 
0.  virginica  can  have  existed  on  this  coast,  any  other  Eastern  species 
could  also.  This  is  quite  possible,  and  some  of  those  described  by 
Carpenter  as  now  living  on  the  west  Mexican  coast  may  prove  to  be 
the  connecting  links.  The  species  called  0.  veatchii  by  Mr.  Orcutt  is 
probably  0.  heermanni  Con.,  the  former  not  having  been  before  recog- 
nized at  Carrizo  Creek.     Still  they  may  be  identical  species. 


o  1     

Ostrea  virginica  Gmelin. 

Syst.  Nat.,  p.  3336,  No.  113. Binney,  Gould's  Moll,  of  Mass.,  p. 

202. White,  Foss.  Oysters,  in   4th    Report   of  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey, 

1884,  p.  284,  314,  pi.  77  to  81.- — Carp.,  Moll.  West.  Amer.,  p.  306. 

Living — Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  to  Central  America.  Panama  (C.  B. 
Adams,  ident.  by  Carpenter).  Margarita  Bay  and  Cape  St.  Lucas, 
Lower  Cal.,  Mazatlan,  Honduras,  Guayaquil,  S.  A.  (Also,  China  and 
Australia?) 

PI.  and  Mioc. — N.  Jersey  to  Florida  (White). 

Pecten  expansus  Dall. 

Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  I,  p.  14,  1878. 

PL — San  Diego  (omitted  in  Catal.,  1888). One  of  the  links  between 

the  Miocene  P.  {Amusium)  propatulus  Con.,  and  the  Living  {P.  caurinus 

Gould). 

Pecten  floridus  Hinds. 

Zool.  Sulphur,  p.  246,  pi.  17,  f.  6. 

Living — Monterey  to  San  Diego. 

Quat. — Ventura  and  Spring ville,  California  (S.  Bowers). 

Ranella  californica  Hinds. 

Ann.    Nat.    Hist.,  XI,  p.  255,  1843. Zool.   Sulphur,  p.  12,  pi.  2, 

f.  4,  5. Keep,  West  Coast  Shells,  p.  44,  f.  24. 

Living — Monterey  to  San  Diego. 

Quat. — Dead  Man's  Island,  San  Pedro  (S.  Bowers). 

Scala  hindsi  Carpenter. 

Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1856,  p.  165. Moll,  of  West.  Amer.,  p.  146 

(660). S.  suhcoronata,  Keep,  West  Coast  Shells,  p.  49,  f.  31. 

Living — Bodega  Bay  to  San  Diego.     Panama. 

PI. — San  Diego  well.  Given  in  Catal.  of  1888  as  S.  suhcoronata, 
which  is  now  called  a  variety  of  the  Panama  shell,  though  specimens 
have  not  been  found  in  Mexico. 

Quat. — Sta.  Barbara  to  San  Pedro. 

Stenoradsia  magdalensis  Hinds. 

Zool.  of  Sulphur,  1844,  p.  54,  pi.  19,  f.  1. Carpenter,  Moll,  of  West. 

Amer.,  p.  135  (649). Dall,  Proc.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  I,  p.  330,  1878. 

Keep,  West  Coast  Shells,  p.  107,  f.  94. 

lAving — Monterey  to  Mazatlan,  Mexico. 

Quat. — San  Nicolas  I.  (S.  Bowers). 


—  32  — 

Tellina  idse  Ball. 

Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  XIV,  p.  183,  1891,  pi.  6  and  7. Tel- 

linella,  No.  63,  Geog.  Catal.,  1867  (J.  G.  Cooper). 

Living — Catalina  Island,  16  to  38  fms,  young  (Dall).  San  Pedro  Bay 
and  Long  Beach  (Miss  Ida  Shephard,  etc.). 

Mioc.f — San  Diego,  Dall.  The  young  valves  found  by  me  in  1863 
looked  like  thin  specimens  of  T.  hodegensis. 

T.  diegoana  Conrad,  fossil,  looks  like  a  deformed  specimen  of  this 

species. 

Triton  gibbosus  Broderip. 

Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1833,  pi.  7. Tryon,  Manual  of  MoUusca, 

vol.  Ill,  p.  23,  f.  103. 

Living — West  tropical  America.     Panama. 

Quat. — San    Pedro?     (Found   in   the   bay,  and   named   by  Dall   as 

"probably  fossil.") 

Turcicula  bairdi  Dall. 

Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  XII,  p.  346,  pi.  VII,  1889. 

Living — "Olf  San  Clemente  Island,  in  414  fms."  (Dall). 

Quat. — Dead  Man's  Island,  San  Pedro  Bay  (Miss  Monks).  The 
specimen  sent  me  is  twice  the  size  of  Dall's  type  figured,  but  otherwise 
seems  to  agree  closely. 

Turritella  sanguinea  Reeve. 

Conch.  Icon.  Turrit.,  No.  27,  pi.  6,  "California,"  probably  meaning 
Lower  Cal. 

Living — Cape  St.  Lucas  (Carpenter). 

Quat. — San  Pedro  (Mrs.  Williamson  and  Miss  Monks,  coll.).  Some 
still  retain  color,  and  may  be  recent.  Like  enormous  T.  jewetti,  one  I 
have  being  over  four  inches  long. 

Pl.f — Sta.  Rosa  I.  (Voy).  Specimens  appear  to  run  very  close  to 
T.  inezana  Con.,  which  was  before  found  there. 


RADIATA. 

Strongylocentrotus  drobachiensis  A.  Agassiz. 

Living — Circumpolar,  south  to  coast  of  Mexico. 
Quat. — San  Nicolas  Island  (Bowers). 


—  33  — 
ADDITIONS    TO    CRETACEOUS    CATALOGUE. 

Actseonina  californica  Gabb. 

Cret. — Near  Yreka.  Oregon.  Benicia,  Solano  County.  Martinez, 
Contra  Costa  County. 

Asaphis  multicostata  Gabb. 

Pal.  of  California,  vol.  II,  p.  189,  pi.  29,  f.  70.  • 

Cret. — Crooked  River,  Eastern  Oregon  (Gabb).  Santa  Ana  Mts., 
Orange  County  (S.  Bowers). 

Clisocolus  cordatus  Whiteaves. 

Geol.  Surv.  Canada,  vol.  I,  p.  157,  pi.  18,  f.  3. White,  Bulletin 

U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  No.  51,  p.  41,  pi.  VI,  f.  89,  1889. 

Cret. — Vancouver    I.,   etc.     Santa    Ana    Mts.,    Orange    County    (S. 

Bowers). 

Galerus  excentricus  Gabb. 

Pal.  of  Cal.,  vol.  I,  p.  136,  pi.  20,  f.  95;  pi.  29,  f.  232  (omitted  in  Cata- 
logue of  1888). 

Cret.  B. — Martinez,  Contra  Costa  County,  to  Tejon,  Kern  County 
(Gabb).     Santa  Ana  Mts.,  Orange  County  (S.  Bowers). 

Pholadomya  sonorensis  Gabb. 

Pal.  of  Cal.,  vol.  II,  p.  265,  pi.  36,  f.  12. 

Cret. — Arivechi,  Sonora,  Mexico  (A.  Remond).  Santa  Ana  Mount- 
ains, Orange  County  (S.  Bowers). 

Tapes  hilgardi?  Shumard. 

Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  Sciences,  1860,  p.  601. Gabb,  Pal.  of  Cal., 

vol.  II,  p.  265,  pi.  36,  f.  13. 

Cret. — Texas  (Shumard).  Arivechi,  Mexico  (Remond).  Santa  Ana 
Mts.,  Orange  County  (S.  Bowers).  There  is  some  uncertainty  as  to 
this  being  Shumard's  species,  and  also  as  to  the  genus  to  which  it 
belongs,  the  hinge  being  yet  unknown.  (See  also  the  new  species 
described  in  the  last  part  of  this  Bulletin.) 


—  34  — 


PART   lY. 

REMARKS  ON  THE  FOSSILS  COLLECTED  BY  DR.  S.  BOWERS, 

IN  ORANGE  COUNTY. 


In  relation  to  Dr.  Bowers'  collections  the  following  observations 
seem  necessary,  being  called  for  on  account  of  my  identification  of  the 
fossil  mollusca  collected  by  him: 

(1)  Quaternary  Deposit. — That  of  San  Joaquin  Bay,  containing  60 
species,  all  of  which  are  living  along  the  coast,  is  undoubtedly  of  very 
late  date,  almost  recent  enough  to  be  called  a  raised  beach.  It  is  the 
only  deposit  of  large  extent  without  some  extinct  species  known  on  the 
mainland,  San  Nicolas  Island,  eighty-seven  miles  farther  west,  being 
the  only  locality  apparently  as  recently  elevated. 

(2)  Pliocene  Deposit.— The  great  shell-bed  at  El  Toro  Station,  600 
feet  higher,  appeal's  to  be  an  older  uplift,  and  will  probably  prove  to 
contain  enough  extinct  species  to  be  called  Pliocene,  though  such  have 
not  been  identified  on  account  of  the  bad  condition  in  which  they  are, 
the  lime  being  mostly  dissolved  out  of  the  upper  layers.  Similar  beds 
exist  farther  south  and  north. 

(3)  Miocene  Deposits. — The  remaining  foothills  west  of  Santiago 
Caiion  seem  to  be  decidedly  of  Miocene  age,  with  numerous  character- 
istic fossils.  At  one  point  only,  about  three  miles  above  El  Toro, 
Alisos  Creek  has  cut  down  into  the  Cretaceous  formation,  and  there  I 
found  the  characteristic  Cretaceous  fossils  given  (in  part)  as  from  the 
Santa  Ana  Mts.,  in  the  Catalogue  of  1888.  (Three  Tertiary  species 
from  beds  above  them  are  also  given  there.)  A  portion  of  them  were, 
however,  obtained  by  Professor  Davidson's  Coast  Survey  assistants,  on 
or  near  the  summit  of  Santa  Ana  Peak  (Mt.  Downey),  about  1871. 

(4)  Eocene  {or  Cretaceous  B). — While  only  one  out  of  twelve  species 
obtained  in  the  collections  of  1872-1874  could  be  doubtfully  referred 
to  this  formation,  Dr.  Bowers'  collection  contains  twelve  or  more.  As, 
however,  he  did  not  observe  any  line  of  division  separating  the  strata 
containing  them  from  the  Cretaceous,  it  is  doubtful  whether  they  can 
be  as  well  distinguished  in  these  uplifted  and  disturbed  strata,  as  in 
those  at  San  Diego,  where  they  lie  nearh'  horizontally  on  inclined 
Cretaceous. 

(5)  Cretaceous  (A). — These  beds,  apparently  rich  in  fossils,  seem  to 
contain  species  from  several  divisions  older  than  the  so-called  "  Chico- 
Tejon"  groups,  but  there  is  a  very  small  proportion  of  Ammonitidffi, 


—  35  — 

thus  proving  them  later  than  the  Shasta  group,  or  even  that  exposed 
in  the  old  coal  mine  on  Point  Loma,  San  Diego.  The  Nautilus  texanus 
indicates  a  near  approach  to  the  Eocene,  Aturia  zigzag.  From  the 
published  lists,  Dr.  C.  A.  White  considers  these  Chico  beds. 

Several  other  Texan  and  Mexican  species  seem  to  occur,  confirming 
the  belief  in  a  free  connection  of  the  two  oceans  existing  across  North- 
ern Mexico,  if  not  Arizona,  in  the  Cretaceous  age.  Further  collections 
may  prove  some  of  these  to  be  distinct  species.  It  is  proper  to  mention 
that  Professor  Davidson's  party  gave  the  first  notice  of  Cretaceous 
fossils  on  the  Santa  Ana  Mountains  to  Professor  Whitney,  then  State 
Geologist,  who  directed  Mr.  Goodyear  and  myself  to  look  for  all  fossil 
localities  during  a  rapid  journey  we  were  to  make  by  wagon  through 
the  Julian  gold  mines,  and  thence  north  to  Los  Angeles.  On  account 
of  the  suspension  of  the  Survey,  no  account  of  these  and  other  dis- 
coveries was  published  until  1888,  when  Mr.  Goodyear  gave  his  obser- 
vations in  the  Report  of  the  State  Mineralogist,  p.  335,  including  the 
determinations  of  the  geological  age  of  the  strata  along  the  route  as 
shown  by  the  fossils,  etc.  Alisos  Creek  was  the  only  locality  north 
of  San  Diego  where  any  Cretaceous  (or  Eocene)  fossils  were  seen. 
Limited  time  did  not  permit  of  much  exploration,  nor  of  making  large 
collections. 

Dr.  C.  A.  White  is  of  the  opinion  that  the  Cretaceous  fossils  of  the 
West  Coast  are  all  distinct  species  from  those  of  the  Atlantic  Slope, 
and  that  no  connection  between  the  oceans  existed  in  North  America 
during  that  era. 

But  the  many  species  of  fossils  which  are  so  closely  allied  as  to 
appear  merely  varieties  of  each  other  on  the  two  slopes,  and  some  even 
identical,  the  near  approach  of  Cretaceous  strata  together  from  each 
side,  and  the  general  law  of  geology  that  the  oldest  formations  contain 
the  most  widespread  species,  seem  strong  arguments  against  such  a 
conclusion.  The  same  theory  was  once  held  by  Dr.  Gould  and  others 
regarding  living  species,  but  time  has  disproved  it,  and  shown  that 
even  the  narrow  barrier  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  did  not  exist  until 
the  Pliocene  epoch,  at  least  as  far  as  the  evidence  of  Miocene  fossils 
then  uplifted  can  be  conclusive. 


36  — 


PAET   V. 

DESCRIPTIONS  AND  FIGURES  OF  NEW  SPECIES  OF  CRETA- 
CEOUS AND  CRETACEOUS  B  (OR  EOCENE)  FOSSILS  OF 
CALIFORNIA,  WITH  NOTES  ON  TERTIARY  SPECIES. 

With  six  plates,  and  a  Catalogue  of  San  Diego  County  Cretaceous 
and  Cretaceous  B  or  Eocene  Species. 


I.     CRETACEOUS    AND    CRETACEOUS    B    OR    EOCENE. 
REMARKS    ON    THE    FOSSILS    COLLECTED    BY    W.    L.    WATTS. 

The  first  group  of  species  here  described  and  figured  belongs  to  the 
division  named  by  Professor  Gabb,  "  Cretaceous  B,"  which  has  been 
generally  considered  by  other  authorities  as  representing  or  including 
all  of  the  "  Eocene "  yet  discovered  along  the  West  Coast.  There  is, 
indeed,  no  constant  line  of  division  either  in  the  stratigraphy  or  the 
palaeontology,  by  which  Div.  B  can  be  constantly  separated  from  the 
undoubted  Cretaceous  strata  beneath  it,  unless  we  make  an  arbitrary 
rule  excluding  from  the  Cretaceous  all  strata  in  which  no  Ammonitidse 
are  found.  There  we  find  the  difficulty  confronting  us  that  a  large 
number  of  species  of  other  families  of  shells  seem  to  be  identical  on 
both  sides  of  this  line  of  division.  It  is,  however,  possible  that  com- 
parison of  better  specimens  may  yet  prove  some  of  these  species  to  be 
different,  and  that  others  have  been  accidentally  buried  in  the  newer 
strata  by  being  washed  out  of  the  older  ones  where  before  imbedded. 
It  is  certain  at  least  that  the  two  localities  from  which  Mr.  W.  L.  Watts 
obtained  the  specimens  described,  furnish  no  Ammonitidae,  but  this 
may  be  explained  on  the  theory  that  they  represent  shallow  water 
deposits  close  to  a  seashore  or  estuary,  in  which  large  quantities  of 
vegetable  matter  from  the  land  were  accumulated.  Both  the  probable 
habits  of  the  species  found  at  the  coal  mines  near  Huron,  Fresno 
County  (as  compared  with  nearly  related  species),  and  the  presence  of 
coal  in  the  rocks  containing  them,  point  to  such  a  conclusion,  and  the 
occurrence  of  many  of  the  same  species,  together  with  a  thin  bed  of 
coal  somewhat  farther  away,  indicate  that  the  species  from  Marysville 
Buttes  inhabited  a  similar  but  somewhat  deeper  sea.  There  is  much 
reason  to  believe  that  it  was  a  deep  inlet  like  the  Gulf  of  California,  or 
perhaps  a  more  open  channel  connected  with  others  running  among 
islands  which  formed  the  commencement  of  the  present  Coast  Range. 


—  37  — 

There  are  several  other  species  believed  to  be  new  in  the  collection, 
which  are  not  perfect  enough  for  description.  It  is  a  notable  fact  that 
in  both  localities  mentioned  the  conditions  for  perfect  preservation  of 
specimens  are  much  better  than  usual  in  the  Cretaceous  strata,  as 
little  or  no  metamorphism  has  occurred,  and  softening  of  the  shells  is 
quite  moderate,  though  rather  troublesome  at  the  coal  mines.  The 
presence  of  Conrad's  "finger-post  of  the  Eocene"  {Cardita  planicosta 
Lamarck,  as  recently  confirmed  by  Dr.  White,  from  Oregon  specimens) 
abundantly,  at  Marysville  Buttes,  is  a  strong  mark  of  the  Eocene  age, 
and  it  was  not  found  at  the  Huron  coal  mines,  though  it  is  given  by 
Gabb  as  from  New  Idria,  Tejon  Pass,  etc.  I  found  it  myself  at  San  Diego 
in  strata  quite  above  the  ammonite-bearing  coal  mine,  and  unconforma- 
ble with  it. 

ON   COLLECTIONS   BY    H.    W.    FAIRBANKS. 

After  the  preceding  remarks  were  written,  and  while  the  new  species 
were  being  prepared  for  illustration,  Mr.  Fairbanks  brought  in  his 
large  collection  from  Cretaceous  (Eocene?)  and  Tertiary  strata  of  San 
Diego  County,  containing  large  additions  to  the  known  lists  from  that 
county,  and  a  considerable  number  of  new  species  in  the  Cretac-Eocene 
divisions.  Having  carefully  avoided  mixing  those  from  various  locali- 
ties, Mr.  Fairbanks'  collections  proved  of  great  value  as  evidence  in 
the  much-debated  question  as  to  the  continuity  of  the  two  forma- 
tions referred  to,  and  I  have  therefore  tabulated  the  results,  so  as  to 
show  how  far  each  species  is  found  to  be  contained  in  the  true  Cretaceous 
or  ammonitiferous  beds.  The  extent  of  the  Cretaceous  B,  or  Eocene 
strata  of  different  authors,  is  not  great  in  that  county,  but  they  are 
very  productive  of  species  of  fossils,  and  therefore  seem  to  indicate  the 
lapse  of  a  long  period  of  time  during  their  deposition — as  long,  perhaps, 
as  the  whole  of  the  Tertiary  and  Quaternary  epochs  combined,  as 
demonstrated  by  the  marine  deposits  hitherto  known  on  this  coast. 
The  only  "  Cretaceous  "  fossils  previously  published  as  from  San  Diego 
County  were  those  which  I  collected,  described  by  Mr.  Gabb  in  the 
Palaeontology  of  Whitney's  Geological  Survey  of  California.  They 
were  obtained:  First — From  a  shaft  sunk  for  coal  near  the  lighthouse 
on  Point  Loma;  a  Heteroceras,  preserved  and  presented  by  E.  W.  Morse 
Esq.  Second — Baculites  chicoensis,  found  by  me  loose  on  the  surface 
near  the  lighthouse  (where  I  searched  unsuccessfully  for  others). 
Third — A  few  species  presented  by  Mr.  Morse  from  an  unknown 
locality,  and  which  were  perhaps  in  part  Tertiary.  Fourth — Over  20 
species  collected  by  me  at  one  locality,  a  branch  of  Rose  Canon,  seven 
miles  north  of  Old  San  Diego,  but  which  were  all  included  by  Gabb  as 
Cretaceous  fossils.  It  must  also  be  noticed  that  in  Vol.  I  of  Pal.,  p. 
220,  Mr.  Gabb  tabulated  twenty-one  of  these,  and  gives  seven  of  them 
4p 


—  38  — 

as  from  "Cret.  A"  beds,  while  in  fact  all  but  the  two  named  above, 
and  "  Gryphoea  vesicularis  Lamk,"  were  from  the  one  bed  mentioned, 
and  therefore  of  "  Cret.  B."     Ten  of  these  species  are  not  contained  in 
Mr.  Fairbanks'  collection,  although  large,  and  from  very  near  to  the 
same  localities,  showing  what  a  great  variety  may  be  found  in  a  very 
limited  range.     On   a  second  visit  to   the  region  in  1872  I  collected 
another  series  only  three  miles  northward,  where  Rose  Canon  enters 
Soledad  Canon,  and  all  I  could  identify  of  them  were  included  in  the 
localities  given  with  the  Catalogue  of  Californian  Fossils,  published  in 
the  Report  of  the  State  Mineralogist  for  1887.     Nine  of  these  were  also 
absent  from   Mr.  Fairbanks'    series    from    six   localities.     In  order  to 
exhibit  the  subject  in  full  I  have  added  these  19  species  to  the  table,  in 
columns  headed  "Cooper's  Collection,"  and  "Near  Soledad."     His  addi- 
tions to  the  true  Cretaceous  fossils  were  the  most  important,  being  44 
from  the  west  base  of  Point  Loma  and  from  La  Jolla,  besides  10  sup- 
posed to  be  new  species.     To  the  37  before  known  from  Div.  B  he  added 
15,  and  6  new  ones.     The  proportions  are  now  51  in  Div.  A  and  57  in 
Div.  B,  a  very  close  balance  for  comparison  of  the  two,  but  it  does  not 
exactly  express  their  numbers,  as  several  (about  10)  are  found  in  both, 
and  this  table  only  shows  how  they  appear  successively  in   ascending 
from  the  lowest  bed  at  Point  Loma  to  the  highest  northward.     In  other 
parts  of  the  State  many  of  the  same  species  have  been  found  in  different 
beds,  as  referred  to  in  the  Catalogue  of  Californian  Fossils  mentioned 
above.     These  references  are  included  in  the  first  two  columns  of  the 
table. 

In  the  Catalogue  I  also  mentioned  three  Cretaceous  species  which  I 
found  near  San  Luis  Rey,  and  these  were  the  first  found  so  far  north 
of  San  Diego  Bay  (belonging  to  Div.  B);  but  they  were  so  imperfect  as 
to  cause  doubts  of  their  true  age  until  confirmed  by  the  finding  of  6 
more  species  there  by  Mr.  Fairbanks.  From  there  the  Cretaceous 
strata  strike  due  north  through  the  Santa  Ana  Mountains,  being 
concealed  along  the  coast  by  Tertiary  beds,  except  at  one  spot  on  the 
west  slope  of  the  mountains,  where  Alisos  Creek  cuts  through  the 
Tertiary,  eight  or  ten  miles  from  the  beach  in  Orange  County.  Dr. 
Bowers  found  fossils  of  both  Div.  A  and  B  in  the  Santa  Ana  range, 
but  could  not  perceive  any  line  of  demarkation  or  unconformability 
between  them. 

Though  he  met  with  four  or  five  new  Cretaceous  species,  the  speci- 
mens are  generally  too  imperfect  for  description  or  illustration,  only 
two  being  here  described. 


—  39  — 
CRETACEOUS    AND    EOCENE    (CRET.    B)    FOSSILS. 

Terebra  wattsiana  n.  sp.     (PL  I,  Fig.  1.) 

Whorls  regularly  tapering,  about  fourteen  (upper  three  or  four  lost); 
flattened,  slightly  turreted  by  narrowing  in  front,  the  highest  with 
about  t\yenty-three  narrow,  close-set  riblets  crossing  their  whole  width 
vertically,  and  increasing  to  about  fifty  on  body-whorl.  Base  and 
columella  smooth,  mouth  normal,  canal  much  twisted,  notch  deep. 
Length,  about  1.75  inch;  breadth,  0.45;  mouth,  0.4;  width,  0.10.  More 
robust,  larger,  and  fewer-whorled  than  T.  californica  Gabb,  also  of 
Div.  B,  but  nearly  allied  to  that  species.  A  single  specimen  only  was 
found  at  Marysville  Buttes  by  Mr.  W.  L.  Watts. 

Surcula  crenatospira  n.  sp.     (PL  I,  Figs.  2,  3,  4.) 

Nuclear  whorls  three,  smooth,  large,  the  apical  immersed;  other 
spiral  whorls  five,  turreted,  gradually  enlarging,  each  with  about  nine 
rounded  tubercles  horizontally  flattened,  forming  a  chain  around  the 
middle,  and  connected  by  two  strong  revolving  ribs,  making  a  sharp 
angle.  Above  this  are  five  or  six  fainter  ribs,  crossed  by  strong  sinuated 
lines  of  growth,  and  below  a  similar  sculpture,  the  whole  surface  being 
thus  divided  by  strong  reticulations,  extending  forward  on  body-whorl 
about  half  its  length.  Mouth  simple,  sinus  moderate  above  angle, 
canal  long,  straight,  aperture  as  long  as  spire.  Length,  about  1.75  inch; 
breadth,  0.80;  mouth  and  canal,  1  inch  long,  0.40  wide. 

Not  very  near  any  of  Gabb's  species  of  the  family,  except  in  the 
long  canal,  which  seems  to  have  been  more  common  in  the  fossil  than 
in  living  Pleurotomidee .  The  character  of  the  sinus  and  sculpture  ally 
this  and  some  of  the  following  to  the  sub-genus  Clathurella,  though 
according  to  those  who  classify  by  the  soft  parts,  such  divisions  are  of 
little  value.  They  must  be  taken  for  all  they  are  worth  in  fossil  species, 
as  necessary  divisions,  in  the  absence  of  better  ones. 

Quite  common  at  Marysville  Buttes,  where  Mr.  Watts  and  Mr. 
Ullrey  obtained  35  specimens.  .  A  very  similar  species  inhabits  the 
West  Coast  of  Mexico  at  present  (S.  olivacea  Shy.). 

Surcula  monilifera  n.  sp.     (PL  II,  Figs.  28,  29.) 

Fusiform;  nuclear  whorls  three,  smooth,  conical;  the  next  crossed 
by  twelve  or  more  strong,  oblique  riblets,  which  change  on  fourth  or 
fifth  into  a  row  of  beaded  knobs,  forming  an  angle  along  middle  of 
whorls,  increasing  to  thirty-five  on  ninth  or  body-whorl.  Above  this 
angle  are  nine  or  ten  fine  revolving  riblets,  and  three  or  four  below  it, 
the  two  posterior  being  longest,  and  imperfectly  beaded  at  the  suture. 
On  the  anterior  whorls  the  medial  knobs  are  sometimes  doubled,  and 
on    the   body-whorl  the   revolving   riblets   are   alternately  large   and 


—  40  — 

small.  Canal  straight,  equaling  the  sub-oval  mouth  in  length.  Sinus 
deep,  situated  at  the  angle.  Length,  0.60  inch;  breadth,  0.08;  mouth 
and  canal,  0.34  long. 

Five  specimens  obtained,  agreeing  well  in  characters,  at  Marysville 
Buttes,  by  Mr.  Watts.  This  is  quite  near  to  Gabb's  "  Turris  clayton- 
ensisj'^  from  near  the  Mt.  Diablo  coal  mines,  but  a  comparison  with  his 
description  shows  marked  difierences.     Figures  twice  the  natural  size. 

The  occurrence  of  seven  new  Pleurotomidse  without  many  other 
univalve  shells,  and  especially  the  absence  of  the  many  forms  of  genera 
allied  to  Fttsus  described  by  Gabb,  is  a  condition  of  distribution  indi- 
cating probably  that  a  warmer  sea  existed  where  they  are  found,  than 
at  most  localities  of  similar  age  in  California. 

Surcula  inconstans  n.  sp.     (PI.  II,  Figs.  20,  21.) 

Shell  long,  fusiform,  whorls  about  ten,  the  first  two  turbinate, 
smooth;  third  to  sixth  with  ten  or  twelve  transverse  close-set  ribs, 
which,  on  the  other  four  whorls,  show  only  on  the  posterior  half  of 
each,  being  replaced  by  eight  or  ten  revolving  riblets,  forming  a  can- 
cellated sculpture  near  middle,  and  toward  the  canal  appearing  alone. 
Mouth  narrow,  sinus  at  angle,  canal  long.  Length,  1.10;  breadth,  0.25; 
mouth,  0.50  inch.     The  figure  is  double  the  natural  size. 

Pleurotoma  perkinsiana  n.  sp.     (PL  II,  Figs.  23,  24.) 

Very  long   and   slender;  whorls   about   ten,  rounded,  the  first  two 

turbinate,  smooth;  third  with  ten  or  twelve  close-set  vertical  riblets, 

crossed  by  eight  or  ten  revolving  ones,  the  vertical  gradually  increasing 

to  twenty-six  on  the  body-whorl,  forming  a  close  beaded  sculpture  as 

far   as  the    middle  of  body-whorl,  while   the    revolving  ribs  continue 

alone  on  the  body  to  canal.     Varies  also  in  relative  strength  of  the  two 

series  of  riblets,  at  different  portions  of  spire.     Sinus  close  to  suture, 

canal  straight,  columella  simple.      Length,  0.60   inch;    breadth,  0.15; 

mouth,  about  0.25  long,  0.09  wide.     This  and  the  preceding  have  many 

characters  alike,  and  are  both  variable  in  similar  directions,  so  that  at 

first  they  seemed  varieties  of  one  species,  but  the  position  of  the  sinus 

and   differences   in  size  and  form   distinguish   them.     Two  specimens 

found  at  Marysville  Buttes  by  Mr.  Watts  are  figured;  twice  the  natural 

size. 

Pleurotoma  decipiens  n.  sp.     (PI.  II,  Fig.  32.) 

Outline  rhomboid;  whorls  seven  (the  first  two  imbedded  in  rock), 
fifth  to  seventh  sharply  angled  near  middle,  concavely  sloping  to  the 
suture  behind  the  angle,  flattened  in  front,  body-whorl  rounded  in 
front,  forming  nearly  half  of  total  length,  and  suddenly  narrowing 
into  a  canal  as  long  as  body-whorl;  surface  crossed  by  numerous 
vertical  raised  lines,  curved  backward  above  the  angle,  straight  below 


—  41  — 

it,  and  crossed  by  three  or  four  fainter  revolving  raised  lines.  On 
body-whorl  the  latter  are  stronger,  about  ten  below  the  angle,  and 
continue  spirally  to  the  end  of  the  long  canal.  Mouth  not  seen. 
Length,  about  0.85  inch;  breadth  of  body-wborl,  0.35;  canal,  0.25,  with 
body-whorl,  0.50. 

This  shell  appears  much  like  some  of  the  family  Aporrhaidae,  but  no 
evidence  of  expansions  around  the  mouth  was  found,  and  it  has  a 
distinct  sinus  above  the  angle.  Only  the  one  figured  had  shell  remain- 
ing, but  several  casts  were  also  found  in  Rose  Canon  by  Mr.  Fairbanks. 

Drillia  ullreyana  n.  sp.     (PI.  II,  Figs.  25,  26.) 

General  form  oblong-rhombic:  first  three  whorls  smooth,  conical; 
fourth  with  seven  strong  knobs  crossing  it,  and  continuing  on  the  six 
following  at  regular  intervals;  crossed  by  about  ten  fine  revolving  riblets 
above  the  middle,  and  four  stronger  ones  below,  increasing  to  about 
thirty  of  uniform  size  on  the  body-whorl  and  canal.  Mouth  nearly 
half  of  whole  length,  acute  posteriorly,  with  a  slight  angle  on  upper 
third.  Canal  tapering,  straight,  sinus  deep  behind  angle.  Length, 
about  0.66  inch;  breadth,  0.30;  mouth  and  canal,  0.35  long,  0.12  wide. 
Marysville  Buttes,  Mr.  Watts;  four  similar  specimens. 

The  canal  is  long  for  a  Drillia,  but  not  more  so  than  in  D.  raricostata 
Gabb,  which  this  much  resembles,  diflering  in  having  the  knobs  more 
numerous,  shorter,  and  broader.     The  figures  are  twice  the  natural  size. 

Mangilia  suturalis  n.  sp.     (PI.  II,  Fig.  27.) 

Form  lanceolate;  nuclear  whorls  three,  fourth  with  ten  strong  ver- 
tical riblets,  continuing  on  next  five  whorls,  but  decreasing  to  six  on 
body-whorl;  crossing  entire  whorl,  but  higher  at  middle,  forming  an 
obtuse  angle,  marked  by  a  strong  revolving  riblet;  one  strong  riblet 
parallel  to  this  close  to  the  suture,  and  one  below  angle.  On  the  body 
they  increase  to  over  twenty  of  uniform  size.  Strong  lines  of  growth 
cross  these  throughout,  showing  a  deep  sinus,  mostly  posterior  to  the 
angle.  Canal  slightly  twisted.  Length,  0.55  inch;  breadth,  0.08; 
mouth,  0.29  long,  0.06  wide.  Two  specimens  found  at  Marysville 
Buttes  by  Mr.  Watts,  and  one  illustrated  here  of  twice  the  natural  size. 

Cordiera  gracillima  n.  sp.     (PI.  II,  Fig.  22.) 

Very  slender,  fusiform;  first  two  whorls  smooth,  turbinate;  third 
with  about  twelve  oblique  subvertical  riblets,  which  decrease  to  seven  on 
sixth  whorl,  narrow,  meeting  at  sutures,  and  with  four  revolving  riblets 
crossing  them,  one  along  suture.  A  Avide  interval  between  this  and 
the  next  anterior,  forms  an  obtuse  angle  on  whorls,  continuing  to  the 
upper  third  of  body- whorl,  below  which  the  vertical  ribs  disappear. 
On  body-whorl  about  eight  revolving  riblets  cross  these,  with  three  or 


—  42  — 

four  fine  ones  between  each,  and  twelve  to  fifteen  others  below  angle 
pass  around  the  canal.  (The  shells  being  imbedded  in  rock  the  exact 
number  of  vertical  ribs  cannot  be  distinctly  seen,  whether  seven  or 
eight,  and  the  outer  lip  is  too  much  broken  to  see  the  form  of  the  sinus, 
but  it  must  be  very  shallow.)  Mouth  very  narrow,  sharp  above, 
widest  at  angle  of  lip,  below  curving  to  the  left,  gradually  forming  the 
canal.  Columella  with  four  plaits  at  middle,  the  upper  one  strongest. 
Length,  0.48  inch;  breadth,  0.09;  mouth,  0.14  long,  0.03  wide;  canal,  0.10 
long. 

The  figure  is  twice  the  natural  size  of  the  one  specimen  found  at 
Marysville  Buttes  by  Mr.  Watts.  This  is  a  decidedly  different  shell 
from  the  two  species  figured  and  described  by  Mr.  Gabb,  both  of  which 
were  also  found  in  Santa  Ana  Mountains,  Orange  County,  by  Dr. 
Bowers,  but  in  a  very  poor  condition. 

Cancellaria  irelaniana  n.  sp.     (PI.  I,  Fig.  5.) 

Shell  oblong  fusiform;  spire  of  eight  whorls,  the  first  three  nuclear, 
smooth,  conical;  fourth  with  nine  prominent  vertical  ribs,  abruptly 
truncate  at  sutures,  and  continuing  thus  on  next  three  whorls,  but  on 
eighth  whorl  becoming  conical,  tubercles  at  posterior  margins,  more 
distinct  on  body-whorl,  the  ribs  disappearing.  The  three  anterior 
whorls  show  strong  vertical  lines  of  growth,  or  irregular  sculpture, 
which  above  the  tubercles  is  crossed  by  three  or  four  revolving  raised 
lines.  (Outer  lip  broken  off"  for  about  half  an  inch.)  Columella  with 
four  ver}^  strong  and  three  fainter  oblique  folds  (or  ribs).  Length, 
about  1.75  inch;  breadth,  0.75;  mouth,  0.87;  width,  (?). 

Only  one  specimen  found  at  Marysville  Buttes  by  Mr.  Watts.  This 
shell  is  nearer  to  the  sub-genus  Narona  than  to  any  of  the  allied  forms, 
and  in  its  spire  much  resembles  the  species  living  on  our  coast, 
C.  {N.)  cooperi  Gabb.  Though  Mr.  Gabb  described  a  Tertiary  species 
as  C.  vetusta,  thus  suggesting  its  absence  from  the  Cretaceous  strata, 
we  have  here  a  j^roof  of  its  presence  in  the  Eocene  or  Cret.  B  strata. 

Genus,  Ancilla  Lamarck.     Oliverato,  nov.  sub-genus. 

Sub-Generic  Characters. — Young  shell  resembling  an  Oliva,  with  three 
nuclear  turbinate  whorls,  the  next  three  rapidly  enlarging,  forming  a 
conical  spire,  Avhich  becomes  nearly  buried  by  callus  in  the  adult;  the 
seventh  whorl  as  in  young  Cyprea,  etc.  The  eighth  whorl,  instead  of 
growing  longer,  increases  chiefly  by  enveloping  and  thickening  the 
body  of  the  shell,  the  deposit  of  callus  forming  two  thickened  layers 
on  the  sides  of  shell,  extending  toward  the  middle  of  back  as  the 
animal  grows  older,  but  rarely  meeting,  or  only  as  a  thinner  layer  in 
the  middle,  and  burying  half  the  spire  in  its  growth.  Section  of  shell 
thus  forms  an  obtuse  triangle  as  in  some  Cypreas  (one  specimen  only 


—  43  — 

being  circular  in  section).  Surface  smooth,  often  retaining  high  polish, 
even  in  the  fossils.  Outer  lip  thickening  moderately,  leaving  the 
mouth  lateral,  much  as  in  Erato,  differing  in  non-crenulated  lips,  and 
in  the  form  of  anterior  notch,  peculiar  dorsal  canal,  etc.  Its  relations 
to  other  genera  are  evident,  and  show  very  interesting  stages  of  develop- 
ment between  them.  No  distinct  folds  or  denticles  on  columella  or  lip 
at  any  age. 

The  animal  evidently  widened  the  mouth  by  absorption  while  thick- 
ening the  shell  on  outside,  and  finally  attained  nearly  the  form  of 
Erato.  Posterior  angle  of  mouth  deeply  notched,  and  anterior  end 
forming  a  deeply  notched  canal,  slightly  turned  upward.  Found  only 
near  Marysville  Buttes,  Sutter  County,  by  Mr.  Watts  and  Mr.  Ullrey. 
Eight  specimens  obtained.  '^  Ancillaria  glandiformis ''  Lamarck,  fossil, 
may  be  congeneric. 

A.  (Oliverato)  californica  n.  sp.     (PL  I,  Figs.  6  to  10.) 

About  half  of  spire  (the  nuclear  whorls)  invisible  in  adult;  mouth 
with  lips  nearly  parallel  at  middle;  narrower  at  ends  in  the  young, 
with  about  ten  faint  ridges  along  columella,  not  passing  inside;  no 
umbilicus.  Dorsal  surface  marked  by  ridges  from  irregular  thickness 
of  the  callus,  and  a  deep  oblique  furrow  running  from  the  anterior 
notch  toward  the  left,  as  in  PseudoUva,  etc.  Parallel  to  this,  about  six 
light  ridges  remain  permanent  behind  it,  thickened  but  not  obscured 
by  callus.  General  form  becoming  more  ovate  with  age,  but  always 
narrower  in  front.  Length,  about  1.50  inch;  breadth,  about  0.85; 
mouth,  1.12  inch  long,  0.50  wide.     Eight  specimens  examined. 

Four  of  the  specimens  are  polished  and  colored  a  fine  brown,  just  as 
in  the  living  Erato  vitellina.  This  color  is  confined  to  a  thin  outer 
layer  of  the  callus,  as  shown  in  the  dorsal  figures. 

Bittium  longissimum  n.  sp.     (PL  II,  Fig.  30.) 

Exceedingly  long  compared  to  its  diameter;  first  three  or  four  whorls 
regularly  convex,  smooth;  the  remaining  thirteen  with  ten  to  fourteen 
vertical  riblets  crossed  by  three  revolving  ones,  which  cancellate  the 
surface  uniformly;  the  anterior  riblet  largest,  thus  giving  the  whorl  a 
turreted  form;  mouth  quadrilateral,  simple  (the  basal  surface  cannot  be 
seen).  Length,  0.45  inch;  breadth,  0.06;  mouth,  0.03.  The  shell  had 
at  least  sixteen  whorls,  and  the  smoothness  of  the  upper  ones  may  be 
due  to  erosion.  It  much  resembles  the  living  B.  asperum  Gabb  (stouter 
with  thirteen  whorls),  a  variety  of  which  is  also  turreted.  (See  Pal. 
of  CaL,  II,  p.  12,  pi.  2,  f.  20.)  Marysville  Buttes,  only  found  by  Mr. 
Watts.     Figure  twice  the  natural  size. 


—  44  — 

Cerithium  fairbanksi  n.  sp.     (PL  I,  Fig.  12.) 

Shell  large,  turreted,  (first  two  or  three  whorls  wanting);  next 
rounded,  with  about  nine  vertical  ribs,  very  prominent  at  middle,  and 
crossed  by  six  or  seven  revolving  grooves.  Three  anterior  whorls  so 
broken  that  the  vertical  ribs  are  gone,  except  at  sides  where  they 
appear  as  sharp  varices,  the  eight  or  nine  grooves  crenulating  their 
edges,  and  well  separated  by  the  sutures;  the  revolving  grooves  extend 
to  base  of  shell  at  edge  of  canal  (which  is  broken  off).  Base  with  four 
or  five  unequal  ribs. 

Mouth  sub-oval,  outer  lip  crenulate;  columella, .     Length,  nearly 

2  inches;  breadth,  0.85;  mouth,  0.40;  width,  0.35.  This  was  one  of  the 
tropical  forms,  and  more  ornamented  than  the  C.  mexicanum  Gabb, 
from  Sonora.  It  seems  likely  that  varices  extended  the  whole  length 
on  each  side,  as  in  C.  echinatuvi,  but  were  not  continuous.  Only  one 
specimen  found,  half  imbedded  in  hard  rock,  and  the  surface  much 
worn  off.  It  was  discovered  by  Mr.  Fairbanks,  at  the  west  side  of 
Point  Loma,  San  Diego,  in  the  stratum  of  Cretaceous  A. 

Potamides  carbonicola  n.  sp.     (PI.  I,  Figs.  14  to  19.) 

Form  columnar,  slowly  tapering  (first  whorls  eroded);  third  or  fourth 
strongly  sculptured,  with  twelve  to  fifteen  subvertical  ridges,  curved 
toward  the  left,  and  crossed  by  three  revolving  ridges,  causing  a  cancel- 
lated surface.  The  ridges  vary  in  development  on  different  parts  of 
one  shell,  as  well  as  on  different  specimens.  Sometimes  one  and  some- 
times the  other  set  of  ridges  has  the  most  strength,  and  often  one 
or  two  of  the  revolving  ones  being  higher  than  the  third,  causes  an 
angular  projection  either  at  middle  of  whorl  or  along  the  suture,  the 
whorls  being  flat  when  all  are  equal,  and  twelve  or  more  in  number- 
No  thickening  of  lips  or  varices  shown  in  the  specimens.  Length,  1.50 
inch;  breadth,  0.50  to  0.75;  mouth,  0.12  long  and  wide. 

This  shell,  like  other  Potamides,  evidently  inhabited  a  muddy  bay, 
in  which  fragments  of  coal  were  mixed  with  mud,  and  the  matrix  now 
contains  them  in  great  quantity,  the  shells  being  often  filled  with  the 
black  mixture. 

They  were  also  gregarious,  as  is  P.  californica  in  our  bays,  but  from 
their  fragility  it  is  very  difficult  to  obtain  whole  ones.  Several  are 
figured  to  show  the  variations  of  surface. 

Head-wall  of  "California  Coal  Mine,"  near  Huron,  Fresno  County, 
east  slope  of  Mt.  Hamilton  range.     Cret.  B,  Mr.  Watts. 

Potamides?  davisiana  n.  sp.     (PL  I,  Fig.  13.) 

First  three  whorls  convex,  turbinate,  smooth;  the  next  six  turreted, 
increasing  rapidly  by  wide,  flattened  expansions  of  the  upper  surface 
of  whorls,  with  a   sharp   raised  carina  half-way  between  the  sutures, 


—  45  — 

from  which  the  surfaces  above  and  below  diverge  at  a  right  angle. 
Fourth  whorl  ornamented  with  about  forty  fine  sharp  riblets,  strongly 
curved  to  the  left,  above  the  carina,  and  giving  it  a  serrate  edge,  then 
passing  down  to  the  next  suture.  On  the  sixth  Avhorl  they  are  crossed 
by  two  revolving  riblets  below  the  carina,  and  on  the  seventh  or  body- 
whorl  these  increase  to  fifteen  or  more,  with  many  intermediate  smaller 
ones,  which  finally  entirely  efface  the  vertical  lines.  Mouth  triangular, 
simple,  inner  edge  of  outer  lip  crenately  notched,  thin;  (columella  and 
canal  lost).  Length,  1.16  inch  (or  more);  breadth,  0.70;  mouth,  0.50 
long,  about  0.35  wide.  The  backward  curve  of  the  growth  lines  above 
the  carina  suggests  a  Pleurotomoid  shell,  which  is  partly  confirmed  by 
the  curve  forward  of  the  posterior  margin  of  outer  lip  remaining,  but 
the  general  form  is  so  similar  to  that  of  Gabb's  Potamides  diadema, 
that  I  have  placed  it  in  that  genus  until  better  known.  (See  Pal.  of 
Cal.,  I,  p.  130,  pi.  20.)  Resembles  Pleurotoma  {Perrona)  spirata  Lamk. 
Marysville  Buttes,  one  specimen  from  Cret.  B,  Mr.  Watts. 

Fusus  supraplanus  n.  sp.     (PI.  II,  Fig.  31.) 

Slender,  whorls  ten,  rounded,  regularly  tapering  to  an  acute  point; 
the  ninth  with  five  revolving  ribs,  deeply  separated  by  narrow  grooves; 
upper  fourth  of  whorl  smooth,  and  slightly  concave-tabulate;  body- 
whorl  over  half  of  length,  with  ten  revolving  ribs,  and  tabulated  above; 
*  canal  as  long  as  body-whorl,  straight,  acute.  The  matrix  of  the  seven 
upper  whorls  shows  traces  of  obliquely  vertical  embossed  sculpture, 
forming  about  twelve  knobs  on  the  seventh.  Some  traces  of  them  are 
also  preserved  on  another  specimen  retaining  more  of  the  shell,  from 
which  the  sculpture  of  the  body-whorl  is  also  taken.  Mouth  imperfect. 
Length  (of  figured  one),  1.15  inch;  breadth,  0.32;  canal,  0.28.  Nearest 
to  F.  jlexuosus  Gabb,  with  more  and  narrower  whorls,  straight  canal,  and 
difterent  sculpture.  Many  casts  occurred  in  the  Rose  Canon  bed,  but 
none  quite  perfect.  The  best  as  to  surface  characters,  but  with  only 
four  whorls,  must  have  been  twice  as  large  as  that  figured.  Mr.  Fair- 
banks also  found  some  in  the  False  Bay  bed,  San  Diego.     Cret.  B. 

Mitra  simplicissima  n.  sp.     (PI.  Ill,  Fig.  41.) 

Shell  fusiform,  whorls  six  or  seven;  body-whorl  about  equal  to 
spire,  sutures  lightly  impressed;  surface  shining,  with  very  faint 
revolving  strife,  stronger  toward  the  canal.  Mouth  narrow,  acute 
above,  with  three  or  more  strong  columellar  folds  near  its  middle. 
(The  one  figured  is  broken,  but  a  smaller  one  gives  a  dorsal  view  of 
the  anterior  end.)  Canal  slightly  twisted.  Length,  about  0.60  inch; 
breadth,  0.25.  No  traces  of  larger  specimens  occurred,  yet  they  may 
be  expected  to  be  found,  as  the  species  is  scarcely  distinguishable  from 
the  young  of  M.  maura,  a  common  species  living  in  the  same  region, 


—  46  — 

which  grows  2^  inches  long.  Like  M.  cretacea  Gabb,  which  he  calls 
the  oldest  known  of  the  genus,  it  is  small  and  even  simpler  in  form 
than  that  species.  Two  only  were  found  in  Rose  Canon  by  Mr.  Fair- 
banks.    Cret.  B. 

Stomatia  intermedia  n.  sp.     (PI.  Ill,  Fig.  43.) 

Shell  haliotiform,  whorls  two  or  three,  flattened,  rapidly  expanding, 
with  four  strongly  carinate  ribs  revolving  above  the  margin  and  one  or 
two  below  it;  the  outer  ones  sometimes  forming  an  undulating  margin 
toward  the  anterior  end.  Interspaces  sub-equal,  slightly  concave,  with 
revolving  ridges  near  apex,  crossed  by  irregular  radiating  lines  of  growth. 
The  sculpture  is  sometimes  scaly  or  imbricated.  Apex  distant  from 
margin,  the  outer  whorl  forming  an  expansion  along  the  posterior  margin, 
equal  to  one  sixth  of  the  length  of  shell.  Length,  1  inch  or  more; 
breadth,  0.90;  height,  0.35.  One  specimen,  half  grown,  retains  a  reddish 
color  on  the  surface,  and  more  perfect  sculpture,  looking  like  a  Haliotis 
rufescens,  without  the  perforations.  Only  five  specimens  found,  in  Cret. 
A,  at  the  west  base  of  Point  Loma,  San  Diego. 

The  figure  is  made  from  a  combination  of  three  specimens,  as  none 
singly  shows  all  the  characters  of  the  species. 

Resembles  the  S.  suciensis  Whiteaves,  of  the  Vancouver  I.  group,  and 
is  possibly  a  connecting  link  between  that  and  var.  carinata  Wh.,  but 
seems  more  likely  to  be  quite  distinct. 

Calliostoma  kempiana  n.  sp.     (PI.  Ill,  Figs.  33,  34.) 

Shell  with  a  conical  outline,  higher  than  wide,  imperforate;  whorls 
six  or  seven,  flattened,  with  strong  vertical  ribs  closely  arranged. 
Basal  margin  crenated  by  the  ribs;  the  surface  with  about  ten  con- 
centric riblets.  (Mouth  and  columellar  region  concealed  by  the  matrix.) 
Height,  0.50;  breadth  of  base,  0.44. 

Three  specimens  found  at  the  west  base  of  Pt.  Loma,  by  Mr.  Fair- 
banks. This  species  seems  quite  different  from  C.  radiata  Gabb,  which 
was  from  still  older  beds. 

By  request  of  Mr.  Fairbanks,  I  have  named  this  handsome  species 
in  honor  of  his  wife,  formerly  Miss  Kemp,  who  has  taken  much  interest 
in  fossils,  and  assisted  him  in  scientific  work. 

Tornatella  normalis  n.  sp.     (Pi.  Ill,  Figs.  36,  37.) 

Shell  oliviform,  whorls  six,  apical  subacute;  next  four  gradually 
enlarging,  with  five  to  ten  sharply-impressed  grooves  parallel  with  the 
sutures,  which  are  also  rather  deeply  impressed;  body- whorl  with  about 
fifty  similar  grooves,  crossed  by  irregular  lines  of  growth,  ending 
anteriorly  in  an  obtuse  point.  Mouth  subovate,  acute  posteriorly; 
columella  with  one  basal  plait.  Length,  0.65  inch;  breadth,  0.25;  body- 
whorl,  0.50  long. 


—  47  — 

This  shell  does  not  closely  resemble  Gabb's  species  from  the  older 
Cretaceous,  nor  Dr.  White's  from  the  same  beds.  It  is  more  like  the 
living  T.  sulcata  Lamarck,  and  others.  Yet  it  was  found  in  the  Creta- 
ceous A  bed,  at  the  west  base  of  Pt.  Loma,  by  Mr.  Fairbanks,  together 
with  Ammonites,  etc.     Two  specimens  are  very  perfect. 

Bulla  assimilata  n.  sp.     (PI.  IV,  Fig.  46.) 

Form  oval,  narrower  anteriorly;  mouth  little  longer  than  spire; 
outside  smooth,  shining;  lines  of  growth  faint,  slight  malleations 
visible  with  a  lens;  color  pale  brown,  with  irregular  fleckings  of  darker 
tint  scattered  throughout.     Length,  0.75  inch;  breadth,  0.50. 

Very  similar  to  B.  adamsi  Menke,  found  living  in  the  same  region. 
That  is,  however,  broader  anteriorly,  as  in  other  living  species.  The 
preservation  of  color  is  remarkable  for  a  fossil  of  such  age,  and  although 
the  specimens  are  imbedded  in  very  hard  stone,  the  single  whole  one 
may  be  a  distorted  specimen  of  Quaternary  date,  from  a  raised  beach 
which  exists  above  the  Cretaceous  in  spots.  Several  living  species, 
with  their  colors,  are  found  in  that  bed,  which  cannot  be  distinguished 
from  the  Cretaceous  below  in  lithological  characters,  among  which 
were  identified  Haliotis  cracherodi,  Leptothyra  carpenteri,  and  others 
still  living.  As  they  do  not  continue  into  Div.  B,  there  is  no  further 
evidence  of  their  being  Cretaceous  species.  The  form  of  this  shell  is 
like  that  of  a  young  Cyprea,  but  its  coloration  is  that  of  a  Bidla. 

Tornatina  erratica  n.  sp.     (PL  II,  Fig.  35.) 

Form  cylindrical,  whorls  five,  the  first  immersed,  second  helicoid, 
next  two  rapidly  enlarging,  and  deeply  channeled  at  sutures;  fifth 
diverging  suddenly  in  a  loose  spiral,  the  suture  advancing  |  of  an  inch 
in  one  revolution;  mouth  very  long  and  narrow,  lips  simple,  surface 
smooth,  chalky  white.  (Anterior  end  of  shell  broken  off.)  Length, 
0.70  inch;  breadth,  0.25.  A  thin  external  layer  of  shell  is  gone,  as 
shown  in  the  matrix  filling  mouth,  but  this  was  smooth  as  far  as 
visible. 

Siphonaria  capuloides  n.  sp.     (PI.  II,  Figs.  38,  39.) 

Base  broadly  oval,  dorsally  curved  backward,  beak  projecting  hori- 
zontally beyond  posterior  margin.  Anterior  surface  with  eight  radiat- 
ing ribs,  from  apex  to  base,  and  two  or  three  intermediate  short  ones. 
Four  or  five  posterior  ribs  at  wider  intervals.  Extreme  apex  broken, 
but  was  acute,  and  slightly  turned  to  right,  on  which  side  is  a  sharper 
rib,  probably  marking  the  siphonal  groove;  but  opposite  is  also  an 
obtuse  angle,  the  two  separating  the  anterior  third  from  the  dorsal  two- 
thirds.  The  strong  ribs  on  this  specimen  (which  is  only  a  cast)  indi- 
cate probably  a  thin  shell,  with  similar  sculpture.  It  has  about  the 
form  of  Say's  figure  of  the  Atlantic  S.  alternata.     Length,  0.65  inch^ 


—  48  — 

breadth,  0.55;  height,  0.25.  Two  casts  found  at  base  of  Pt.  Loma,  by 
Mr.  Fairbanks,  in  Cret.  A.  Fragments  of  shell  also  found,  which  seem 
to  have  belonged  to  this  species. 

Astarte  semidentata  n.  sp.     (PI.  Ill,  Figs.  44,  45.) 

Subtrigonal,  nearly  equilateral;  posterior  margin  slightly  curved, 
obtusely  angled;  basal  little  more  convex,  sharply  curved  upward 
anteriorly,  half  the  height  of  shell;  thence  deeply  excavated  to  beaks, 
which  bend  strongly  forward.  Lunule  long  and  deep,  nearly  half  the 
length  of  posterior  margin.  Hinge-area  broad,  the  posterior  half  of  it 
a  flat,  shallow  pit  (in  the  left  valve);  two  strong  teeth,  with  the 
triangular  pit  filling  anterior  half.  Lateral  teeth  very  weak,  pallial 
line  deeply  impressed.  Surface  slightly  convex,  with  shallow  trans- 
verse grooves  near  the  beaks,  becoming  obsolete  on  lower  half  of  disk. 
Length,  0.90  inch;  height,  0.80;  diameter  about  0.40  (both  valves). 
Three  specimens  found  in  Cret.  B,  in  Rose  Canon,  by  Mr.  Fairbanks. 
This  species  seems  to  differ  more  in  the  hinge  than  in  other  features 
from  some  living  species.  Its  hinge  approaches  that  of  Crassatella, 
forming  a  connecting  link. 

Crassatella  lomana  n.  sp.     (PI.  Ill,  Fig.  47.) 

Shell  large,  wedge-shaped,  thick,  more  or  less  angled  on  the  posterior 
■dorsal  surface;  disk  marked  only  by  coarse  lines  of  growth;  anterior 
end  truncated  nearly  at  a  right  angle  to  dorsum;  umbos  nearly  meet- 
ing, and  dorsal  area  deeply  hollowed  behind  them.  Lunule  not 
impressed,  lower  half  of  front  obtusely  rounded,  curving  under  to  the 
nearly  straight  basal  line,  which  posteriorly  bends  upward  suddenly 
to  form  the  narrow  wedge-shaped  extremity.  Dorsal  ridges  forming 
obtuse  angles  from  the  umbos  to  the  upper  edge  of  wedge.  Under 
layer  of  shell  with  fine  radiating  striaj;  inner  margins  of  valves 
coarsely  crenulate.  Thickness  of  shell,  about  \  inch;  at  umbos,  ^  inch. 
Length,  3.50  inches;  height,  2.20;  diameter,  1.38. 

Six  specimens  were  obtained  at  Pt.  Loma,  in  Div.  A,  by  Mr.  Fair- 
banks. At  first  I  thought  it  a  variety  of  C.  tuscana,  which  is  found 
with  it,  but  it  shows  no  trace  of  the  concentric  ridges  of  that  species  at 
any  age,  and  differs  too  much  in  size  and  form.  The  radiated  under- 
shell  is  found  in  both.  I  could  not  obtain  a  good  view  of  the  hinge, 
but  there  seems  every  reason  to  consider  it  a  Crassatella,  in  which 
opinion  Dr.  C.  A.  White  agrees  with  me. 

CucuUsea  bowersiana  n.  sp.     (PI.  V,  Figs.  61,  62.) 

Shell  large,  thick,  nearly  equilateral;  surface  smooth,  or  with  coarse 
lines  of  growth;  valves  very  convex,  sub-truncate  posteriorly,  but  with 
€dges   of  valves  prominent,  rounded;    umbonal  ridge   obtuse,    nearly 


—  49  — 

straight;  beaks  moderate,  meeting  in  a  medial  line;  anterior  outline 
slightly  incurved  above,  but  rounded  on  lower  half;  base  moderately 
curved,  rounded  posteriorly.  Length  of  largest,  2.50  inches;  height,  2; 
diameter  of  shell,  about  1.20.  Truncation  quite  variable.  As  the 
many  specimens  obtained  did  not  agree  with  any  described  by  Gabb, 
and  were  accompanied  by  many  of  his  C.  inermis  and  C.  viathewsoni, 
I  suspected  them  to  be  the  C.  xquilateralis  Meek,  described  from  the 
Cretaceous  of  Vancouver  I.,  B.  C.  On  sending  one  to  Dr.  White,  in 
Washington,  to  compare,  he  decided  it  was  different,  and  could  give  no 
name  for  it.  Cretaceous  of  Santa  Ana  Mountains,  Orange  County, 
Dr.  S.  Bowers.  The  collections  made  in  that  most  southern  locality 
in  which  Ammonites  have  been  found  in  California  (except  the  old  San 
Diego  coal  mine),  were  enumerated  in  the  Report  of  the  State  Miner- 
alogist for  1890.  There  were  several  other  species  which  may  prove 
new,  but  in  too  imperfect  a  condition  to  describe.  The  ^' Exogyra 
costata  Say"  of  the  list  proves  not  to  be  that,  but  the  species  is 
uncertain. 

Corbula  triangulata  n.  sp.     (PI.  IV,  Fig.  42.) 

Shell  doubly  trigonal,  higher  than  long,  with  four  nearly  equal 
triangular  surfaces.  Valves  equal,  the  disks  being  nearly  right-angled 
triangles,  higher  than  wide;  the  beaks  prominent,  acute;  anterior 
margin  slightly  incurved;  posterior  straight,  more  acutely  ridged  later- 
ally; surface  crossed  by  about  thirty  undulations,  parallel  to  lines  of 
growth.  Basal  margin  moderately  curved.  Anterior  face  of  shell 
triangular-cordate,  slightly  concave,  with  edges  of  valves  projecting 
vertically  in  upper  half.  Posterior  face  similar,  but  twice  as  large; 
concave  above,  and  edges  of  valves  less  prominent;  central  area  convex, 
and  umbonal  ridges  forming  a  sharp  raised  margin  on  each  side. 
Hinge  unknown.  Length  of  base,  0.30;  anterior  height,  0.30;  posterior, 
0.40;  breadth,  0.30;  at  umbos,  0.20. 

This  curious  shell  was  found  by  Mr.  Fairbanks  only  at  base  of  Pt. 
Loma,  in  Cret.  A,  and  only  the  entire  shell  described  occurred,  with  one 
other  broken  valve.  I  was  therefore  doubtful  whether  to  call  it  a 
Corhula  or  Nucula,  or  something  else,  but  finding  that  Conrad  has 
described  somewhat  similar  Tertiary  species,  as  Corhula  curta  and 
C.  elevata,  from  Maryland,  I  venture  to  propose  the  above  name. 
When  the  hinge  can  be  examined,  a  subgeneric  name  will  probably  be 
found  advisable. 

Mytilus  dichotomus  n.  sp.     (PL  V,  Fig.  64.) 

Very  similar  to  ^'' Sepiifer  dichotomus^'  Gabb,  but  without  any  trace 
of  a  septum  inside  the  beaks.  Outside  also  sculptured,  as  in  Modiola 
ornata  Gabb,  and  in  several  Tertiary  or  living  species  of  this  family. 
(Unfortunately  the  umbonal  end  of  the  specimen  figured  was  broken 


—  50  — 

off  after  it  was  arranged  for  drawing.)  I  illustrate  this  shell  to  show 
that  such  a  Mytilus  existed  in  the  latest  stage  of  the  California  coal- 
epoch,  with  a  strong  suspicion  that  it  has  already  one  or  two  names. 
Gabb's  Septifer  was  described  from  one  young  specimen  found  at  Tejon, 
very  nearly  in  the  same  strata,  and  it  is  not  unlikely  that  he  was 
mistaken  in  the  generic  character,  but  if  proved  correct  the  specific 
name  suits  this  species  as  well.  There  is  also  Conrad's  Mytilus 
inezensis,  assigned  to  the  Miocene  Tertiary,  which  prima  facie  seems 
most  probable,  though  there  is  room  for  doubt.  This  has  not  lately 
been  confirmed  among  large  numbers  of  Miocene  fossils  handled  by 
me,  and  if  found  in  the  Miocene  will  probably  be  found  to  be  the  living 
M.  bifiircatus,  which  also  has  its  Septifer  bifurcatus  coexisting.  In 
doubt  as  to  the  true  value  of  the  slight  distinction  between  the  two 
genera,  I  leave  their  correct  names  to  be  decided  by  future  discoveries. 
Several  valves  found  in  the  head-wall  of  the  California  Coal  Mine, 
near  Huron,  Fresno  County,  associated  with  Gyrodes  dowelli  White, 
and  other  species  of  Cret.  B.  They  had  a  brown  color  externally, 
but  were  much  broken  up  and  fragile,  so  that  no  good  one  could  be 
illustrated. 

Crenella  santana  n.  sp.     (PI.  Ill,  Fig.  40.) 

Shell  modioliform,  with  forty  to  fifty  faint  ribs,  radiating  from  the 
beaks  toward  the  periphery.  Beaks  about  one  sixth  of  total  length 
from  anterior  end,  a  little  raised;  dorsal  margin  slightly  convex;  basal 
a  little  concave  at  middle;  ends  broadly  rounded.  Length,  0.32  inch; 
height,  0.20;  diameter,  0.12.  From  base  of  Ft.  Loma;  Cretaceous,  Div. 
A;  two  found  by  Mr.  Fairbanks. 

Apparently  the  same  species  was  found  in  the  Santa  Ana  Mts.,  by 
Dr.  Bowers,  but  they  were  so  eroded  that  no  definite  sculpture  could  be 
seen,  and  were  three  or  four  times  the  size  of  the  San  Diego  specimens. 

Megerlia  dubitanda  n.  sp.     (PI.  IV,  Figs.  48,  49.) 

Lower  valve  transversely  oblong,  moderately  convex;  its  anterior  or 
basal  margin  nearly  straight;  rayed  with  fort}"  to  fifty  close-set  ribs; 
outer  margins  curved  downward,  chiefly  opposite  beaks,  for  one  fourth 
of  the  circumference.  Upper  valve  more  convex,  with  coarser  ribs, 
only  about  half  as  many  as  above.  Beak  unknown,  not  very  promi- 
nent. A  shallow  median  furrow,  with  low  ridges  at  sides.  Some  of 
the  ribs  become  divided  near  margin.  Height  from  base,  1.12  inch; 
length,  1.12;  diameter,  0.50.  One  lower  valve  is  1.75  long  (trans- 
versely), 0.50  deep. 

The  genus  is,  of  course,  only  surmised  from  external  characters.  It 
is  probably  different  from  that  of  the  next  species,  but  both  occurred 
together,  especially  at  La  Jolla,  in  Cret.  A,  though  this  was  commonest 
at  base  of  Pt.  Loma,  Mr.  Fairbanks  finding  six  or  more  valves. 


—  51  — 

Waldheimia  imbricata  n.  sp.     (PL  IV,  Figs.  50,  51.) 

Lower  valve  subquadrate,  moderately  convex,  a  little  more  prominent 
at  middle;  basal  margin  nearly  straight;  about  thirty  low  ribs  diverg- 
ing from  apex;  crossed  beyond  the  middle  by  six  or  seven  concentric 
furrows,  marking  stages  of  growth,  and  giving  an  imbricated  appear- 
ance. Lateral  margins  at  right  angles  to  anterior,  and  nearly  straight; 
posterior  margin  gently  rounded,  and  slightly  undulated  by  the  median 
furrow.  Upper  valve  more  convex;  ribs  fewer  and  stronger,  the  median 
six  or  seven  ribs  depressed.  Length  of  base,  0.90;  of  shell,  1.00  inch; 
height,  0.50;  diameter,  0.50. 

The  same  remarks  given  with  the  last  apply  to  this,  but  it  looks 
very  much  like  some  Waklheimias  now  living  on  the  coast.  It  was 
found  only  at  La  Jolla,  by  Mr.  Fairbanks.  At  that  place  a  Quaternary 
raised  beach,  of  materials  similar  to  those  of  the  Cretaceous  beds,  again 
encroaches  on  the  latter,  containing  Donax  californicus,  etc.,  and  the 
two  formations  can  only  be  separated  by  the  species  of  fossils  found  in 
them,  as  far  as  lithological,  if  not  stratigraphical,  characters  go.  The 
fossils  of  Cret.  B  are,  however,  mostly  absent,  and  Ammonites  are  found 
there. 


II.     TERTIARY-MIOOENB,    AND    PLIOCENE. 
A.       FROM    KERN   COUNTY. 

Mr.  "Watts  collected  a  large  number  of  specimens  in  this  county, 
many  of  which  Avere  identified  with  species  still  living  on  the  coast; 
others,  with  supposed  extinct  species,  already  described  as  fossils,  and 
several  appeared  to  be  new.  So  many  Tertiary  species  are,  however, 
known  to  still  exist  on  the  coasts  of  Lower  California,  and  to  have  been 
described  from  the  living  shells,  that  it  is  not  considered  advisable  to 
describe  the  fossils  until  they  have  been  comi:)ared  with  the  living 
species  from  the  south,  which  are  imperfectly  known,  and  besides  this 
the  fossils  were  usually  in  poor  condition,  A  few  are  excepted,  which 
have  before  been  imperfectly  figured,  and  some  described  by  Conrad. 
The  reasons  are  given  under  each  species  described  or  figured.  There 
are  also  two  species  of  Pinna,  of  which  descriptions  were  first  published 
in  the  Catalogue  of  Fossils,  1888. 

B.      FROM    SAN   DIEGO   COUNTY. 

The  "  mesa,"  or  table  land,  which  rises  gradually  with  a  gentle  slope 
from  San  Diego  Bay  for  eight  miles  northeast,  and  is  then  suddenly 
uplifted  by  recent  volcanic  action,  its  eastern  edge  resting  against 
igneous  rocks,  contains  abundant  fossils,  but  in  such  a  poor  state  of 
preservation  where  exposed,  that  it  is  usually  impossible  to  do  more 


—  52  — 

than  to  ascertain  their  Tertiary  character.  The  Quaternary  fossils 
near  the  beach,  and  the  Pliocene  obtained  from  the  "  San  Diego  Well," 
are  indeed  very  perfect,  but  older  ones  from  farther  inland  are  very 
poor.  From  previous  collections  of  these,  geologists  have  classed  them 
as  Miocene,  arguing  that  the  most  inland  must  be  the  oldest.  Mr. 
Fairbanks  found  some  very  good  specimens  along  the  eastern  escarp- 
ment of  the  mesa,  which  seem  to  show  that  the  whole  of  it  may  be 
considered  Pliocene,  or  at  least  as  belonging  to  the  intermediate  beds 
passing  into  Miocene.  The  slightly  disturbed  strata  all  along  the  coast 
are  usually  found  to  be  of  later  date  than  those  much  uplifted,  judging 
from  the  proportion  of  living  to  fossil  species  in  them.  The  large  fossil 
oysters  found  at  the  eastern  edge  of  the  mesa  have  been  hastily  referred 
to  that  truly  Miocene  species,  0.  titan  Conrad,  but  Mr.  Fairbanks' 
numerous  and  good  specimens  show  that  they  are  as  near  to  the 
Pliocene  species  described  by  Remond  as  0.  hourgeoisi,  tending  to  show 
a  derivation  of  the  latter  from  the  former.  I  observed  a  similar  form 
in  the  Tertiary  beds  of  Alisos  Creek,  Orange  County,  in  1872,  and  gave 
it  the  latter  name  in  the  Catalogue  of  Fossils.  With  this,  Mr.  Fair- 
banks found  specimens  of  Pecten  expansus  Dall,  which  was  first  described 
from  the  San  Diego  Well,  and  is  also  found  in  another  "  Pliocene  "  bed 
at  Soledad  Canon,  twelve  miles  north.  There  is  nothing  in  the  known 
fossils  of  the  mesa  elsewhere  to  forbid  the  reference  of  the  whole  to  the 
Pliocene. 

Another  bed  of  very  perfect  oyster  shells  occurs  about  fifty  miles 
north  of  the  boundary  line,  and  three  east  of  Oceanside,  above  the 
Cretaceous  (B)  strata.  These  resemble  small  0.  titan,  but  connect  it 
with  Gabb's  0.  tayloriana,  under  which  name  I  catalogued  it  in  1887 
from  San  Juan  Capistrano,  twenty-five  miles  farther  northwest.  About 
the  northern  boundary  of  San  Diego  County  the  Tertiary  begins  to  be 
more  uplifted,  and  forms  short  ridges  along  the  coast,  in  which  the 
strata  are  much  broken  up  as  if  by  eruptive  action.  In  these  the  true 
0.  titan  appears,  of  its  usual  enormous  size,  and  other  characteristic 
fossils  appear  also;  the  Miocene  strata  forming  several  lower  ridges, 
and  a  great  part  of  the  Santa  Ana  Mountains.  It  now  appears  that 
the  Ostrea  tayloriana  is  only  the  young  form  of  0.  titan.  0.  hourgeoisi 
approaches  the  large  species  of  Western  Mexico,  which  has  been  called  a 
variety  of  the  Atlantic  0.  virginiana. 

C.       FRESH-WATER    SHELLS    FROM    A    LIGNITE    BED. 

These  three  species  were  found  by  me  several  years  ago,  beautifully 
preserved  between  the  layers  of  lignite,  to  which  the  white  shells  form 
a  fine  contrast.  They  could  be  easily  outlined  on  tracing-paper,  though 
perhaps  slightly  deformed  by  pressure. 


—  53  — 

MIOCENE   AND  PLIOCENE   (OR  NEOCENE)   FOSSILS. 

Agasoma  Gabb. — This  group  of  species,  although  not  very  well 
defined,  and  made  by  its  author  to  include  very  dissimilar  forms,  seems 
to  be  a  good  division  of  what  might  otherwise  be  retained  in  Purpura. 
I  propose  to  add  a  species,  and  a  sub-genus  with  another  species,  possi- 
bly however,  of  diflerent  affinities. 

Agasoma  barkerianum  n.  sp.     (PL  V,  Fig.  63.) 

Pyriform,  nuclear  whorls  immersed,  smooth,  next  five  ornamented  by 
eighteen  to  thirty-six  vertical  riblets,  crossed  by  three  to  eight  revolving 
ridges,  giving  them  a  closely  beaded  surface.  On  the  sixth  whorl  the 
vertical  are  more  distant,  and  change  into  blunt  tubercles  at  the  suture, 
ten  such  forming  a  serrated  crown.  On  the  body-whorl  this  is  stronger, 
forming  a  series  of  sharp  folds  turned  back  at  irregular  intervals  (which 
were  posterior  notches  as  the  mouth  grew),  and  varices  running  forward 
from  each  to  the  canal,  about  fifteen  in  number.  The  tubercles  of  the 
fifth  whorl  continue  in  a  row  around  middle  of  body-whorl,  making 
an  angle  at  each  varix.  Two  other  ridges  cross  the  anterior  third  of 
dorsum  to  the  end  of  beak.  The  whole  of  the  fifth  and  body  whorls 
are  also  traversed  by  fine  ridges,  both  vertical  and  revolving,  forming  a 
fine  cancellation,  less  strong  than  on  the  spire.  Mouth  simple,  oval; 
length,  1.75  inch;  breadth,  1.15;  mouth,  1.25;  width,  0.50;  canal,  0.24 
wide. 

This  species  much  resembles  a  cast  figured  in  Prof.  Blake's  report 
(Pac.  R.  R.  Rept.,  vol.  V,  foss.  pi.  VII,  f.  63),  except  in  the  canal,  given 
there  as  straight,  and  that  may  perhaps  rather  be  A.  gravida  Gabb,  as 
suggested  by  him.  Fig.  66  resembles  the  dorsal  varices  of  my  species, 
which  are  like  those  often  found  on  Purpura  crispata.  Only  two  speci- 
mens found,  on  John  Barker's  ranch,  Kern  County. 

TROPHOSYCON  nov.  subg. 

General  form  fig-shaped,  with  a  strongly  twisted  canal;  suture  i:)lain, 
no  posterior  notch.  This  shell  is  perhaps  as  nearly  allied  to  the 
Fulgurs  of  the  east  coast  as  to  Agasoma,  and  two  fossil  species  of  Florida 
have  a  similar  double  row  of  knobs,  but  in  the  canal  it  is  very  unlike 
them. 

Agasoma?  (Trophosycon)  kernianum  n.  sp.     (PI.  Ill,  Fig.  52.) 

Shell  pyriform,  spire  very  short,  first  two  whorls  smooth  (eroded), 
next  two  lightly  sculptured,  with  revolving  ridges  from  sixteen  on  the 
third,  to  eleven  on  the  upper  surface  of  fourth.  A  row  of  about  nine 
prominent  vertical  tubercles  around  posterior  angle  of  body-whorl,  and 
seven  alternating  with  them  around  lower  angle,  the  interval  nearly 
5f 


—  54  — 

flat.  Anterior  end  strongly  twisted  in  a  wide  canal  (the  aperture  filled 
with  a  hard  matrix).  Two  revolving  ridges  between  tubercles,  and  six 
principal  ones  anterior  to  them ;  also  two  or  three  fainter  ones  between 
each  pair,  making  thirty  in  all,  crossed  by  the  faint  lines  of  growth. 
Spire,  0.40  inch  high;  mouth,  1.50  inch  long,  0.75  wide;  canal  0.40 
wide  (broken  off  short).  In  surface  characters  it  resembles  Fulgur,  with 
the  thick  shell  and  canal  of  some  Trophons.  The  great  variations 
found  in  different  species  of  Fulgur,  however,  show  us  that  this  might 
as  well  belong  to  Agasoma.  It  also  resembles  some  of  Gabb's  Creta- 
ceous genus  Eripachya  in  outlines,  but  is  decidedly  Tertiary.  It  is 
apparently  the  fossil  figured  in  Prof.  Blake's  Report,  pi.  VIII,  figs.  64, 
65,  and  a,  which  Conrad  did  not  venture  to  name,  casts  only  being 
figured.  Figs.  72  and  72a,  which  he  named  ''  Syctopus  ocoyanus,''  may 
represent  a  cast  of  a  young  shell,  but  it  is  too  uncertain  a  name  to  be 
retained.  (This  is  given  as  Ficus  ocoyanus  in  Gabb's  list  of  unidenti- 
fied fossils,  and  Ficula  ocoyana  in  my  Catalogue  of  Fossils,  1888.)  Only 
one  fair  specimen  found,  by  Mr.  Watts. 


FRESH-WATER    FOSSILS. 

Limnea  contracosta  n.  sp.     (PI.  V,  Fig.  59.) 

Form  broadly  ovate,  whorls  five,  rapidly  enlarging  from  an  obtuse 
apex,  and  with  convex  outlines,  to  the  very  large  body-whorl,  which 
forms  three  fourths  of  the  total  length,  no  umbilical  fissure  visible. 
Length,  1.20  inch;  breadth,  0.75;  spire,  0.30. 

Specimens  found  with  the  two  next  species  in  a  bed  of  laminated  lig- 
nite, discovered  about  1868,  along  the  westerly  branch  of  San  Pablo 
Creek,  on  the  stage  road  just  south  of  Rocky  Mound.  A  thin  stratum 
of  lignite  underlies  several  square  miles  around  that  locality,  but  its 
exact  age  is  still  unsettled.  On  the  east  are  deposits  of  marine  Miocene 
fossils,  on  the  west  altered  Cretaceous  rocks  with  ^^Aucella  piochii.'^  The 
lignite  may  therefore  be  a  deposit  formed  in  a  Pliocene  lake.  None  of 
the  other  Tertiary  fresh-water  deposits  yet  examined  in  California  con- 
tain fossils  like  this.  The  coal-strata  have  evidently  been  uplifted  to 
an  angle  unusual  in  Pliocene  deposits,  but  there  is  nothing  to  fix  the 
date  of  the  volcanic  outburst  which  is  seen  in  Rocky  Mound,  three  and 
a  half  miles  distant. 

Planorbis  pabloanus  n.  sp.     (PI.  V,  Fig,  57.) 

Form  regularly  cylindro-spiral,  whorls  three  and  a  half,  slowly 
increasing,  without  sculpture,  size  moderate.  Greater  diameter,  0.60 
inch;  lesser,  0.48.  The  absence  of  distinctive  characters  in  most  of  the 
species  of  this  genus,  together  with  the  flattening  caused  by  pressure  in 


—  55  — 

the  lignitic  laminae,  make  it  impossible  to  separate  this  from  some  other 
species,  but  more  specimens  may  distinguish  it  better. 

Anodonta  (nuttalliana)  lignitica  n.  var.     (PL  V,  Fig.  58.) 

Form  oblong-ovate,  the  ends  rather  obtusely  pointed  near  their  mid- 
dle, dorsal  line  straight  along  the  hinge-margin  for  about  one  third  the 
total  length;  anterior  end  truncately  sloping  to  an  obtuse  angle  of  about 
forty-five  degrees  near  the  middle,  then  curving  gradually  to  the  rounded 
basal  margin;  posterior  end  curving  upward  more  abruptly  and  forming 
a  more  obtuse  angle  above  the  middle,  then  concavely  incurved  upward 
to  meet  the  straight  hinge-margin.  Beaks  one  third  the  distance  from 
anterior  end,  umbonal  ridge  slight,  with  a  narrow  compressed  area  above 
it,  extending  backward  to  posterior  angle.  Length,  3  inches;  height  at 
umbos,  1.50;  breadth  unknown,  but  was  apparently  very  slight. 

I  have  made  this  description  as  full  as  possible  to  show  the  differences 
between  this  and  the  living  Anodontas  of  this  State,  which  I  think  are 
well  marked,  though  they  are  so  variable.  Some  of  the  fossil  forms 
from  the  Quaternary  of  Nevada  come  nearer  to  this,  however.  It  is,  of 
course,  still  uncertain  whether  it  is  an  Anodonta,  the  hinge  not  having 
been  examined,  but  most  probably  it  is  a  Pliocene  Tertiary  fossil. 

Amnicola  yatesiana  n.  sp.     (PI.  V,  Fig.  60.) 

Small,  sub-globular,  slightly  tabulated  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
whorls,  spire  acute,  conical,  whorls  four  and  a  half,  the  body-whorl 
forming  two  thirds  of  whole  length,  obtusely  rounded  at  base.  Mouth 
suboval,  a  deep  umbilical  pit  behind  columellar  lip.  Length,  0.11  inch; 
breadth,  0.08;  spire,  0.04;  mouth,  0.06  long,  0.04  wide.  (Figure  five 
time3  natural  size.) 

This  little  shell  is  found  in  great  numbers  in  Pliocene  deposits  on 
both  sides  of  San  Francisco  Bay — at  Mission  San  Jose  on  the  east,  also 
near  Stephen's  Creek,  and  near  Los  Gatos  on  the  west.  Carinifez  new- 
berryi  and  other  living  species  occur  with  it  in  localities,  also  some 
species  that  may,  like  this,  be  extinct.  It  differs  from  the  A.  longinqua 
Gould  (found  lately  living  at  Lake  Pt.,  Utah),  in  the  tabulated  whorls. 
Mr.  Watts  obtained  specimens  taken  from  an  artesian  well  at  Lambert- 
son's,  Tulare  Co.,  1,058  feet  deep,  with  Sphaerium  dentatum  Hald.,  a 
species  still  living  east  of  the  Sierra  Nevada. 


—  56  — 
FOSSILS  DESCRIBED   BY  OTHERS,  NOT   FIGURED   BEFORE,  ETC. 

Pinna  alamedensis  Yates.     (PL  IV,  Fig.  53.) 

[Report  of  the  State  Mineralogist  of  Calif,  for  1887,  p.  259.] 
This  species  has  nine  concentric  inequidistant  rounded  wrinkles  ema- 
nating from  the  open  side,  and  turning  toward  the  hinge  at  nearly  right 
angles,  the  entire  shell  marked  by  longitudinal  narrow  ribs  (about 
forty),  which,  radiating  from  apex,  extend  to  the  basal  margin,  becom- 
ing more  indistinct  as  they  approach  the  lower  margin.  These  ribs,  at 
their  intersection  with  the  lines  of  growth,  are  ornamented  by  slight 
elevations,  forming  zigzag  markings  along  the  lines  of  growth.  The 
hinge  side  is  straight  the  entire  length,  the  opposite  side  running  par- 
allel for  about  one  half  the  distance  from  base  to  apex,  where  it  makes 
a  sharp  curve,  thence  at  an  angle  of  about  forty-five  degrees  to  the  apex. 
Length  9,  width  5,  and  thickness  about  2  inches.  Locality,  Alameda 
Creek,  Alameda  County.  Only  one  specimen  found,  and  that  a  very  fine 
one,  in  the  center  of  a  round  sandstone  bowlder.     Miocene. 

The  above  is  the  original  description.  Specimens  have  also  been 
found  by  Dr.  Bowers,  in  Ventura  County,  and  the  one  here  figured  was 
found  by  Mr.  Watts,  in  Kern  County.  It  retains  more  of  the  shell  than 
usually  found,  most  of  the  specimens  being  casts. 

Pinna  venturensis  Yates.     (PL  V,  Fig.  54.) 

[Report  of  the  State  Mineralogist  of  Calif,  for  1887,  p.  259.] 
From  the  hinge  side  about  two  thirds  of  the  width  of  this  shell  is 
marked  by  nine  well-developed,  narrow  ribs,  radiating  from  the  apex  to 
the  basal  margin;  the  other  portion  shows  rounded,  concentric  inequi- 
distant ribs,  extending  only  to  the  line  of  the  radiating  ribs,  so  that 
about  two  thirds  of  the  surface  is  covered  by  the  radiating  smaller  ribs, 
and  one  third  by  the  curved,  concentric,  rounded  ribs  or  wrinkles,  very 
like  Pinna  pectinata,  figured  in  "  Brown's  Recent  Conchology."  Pinna 
venturensis  is  short  and  thick  compared  with  its  length.  The  largest 
specimen  found  was  about  five  and  one  half  inches  long,  three  and  one 
half  in  width,  and  one  and  three  fourths  in  thickness,  the  hinge  side 
considerably  shorter  than  the  other.  Locality,  several  specimens  col- 
lected by  the  writer  in  Casitas  Pass,  Ventura  County.  Pliocene. — L.  G. 
Yates. 

This  is  the  original  description,  and  photographs  of  both  the  species 
kindly  furnished  by  Dr.  Yates,  show  that  those  here  figured  represent 
his  species.  All  seen  of  this  species  only  show  the  internal  cast  of  the 
shell,  and,  as  in  living  species,  the  external  sculpture  may  have  been 
quite  different.  There  is  also  but  little  to  distinguish  it  from  the  Creta- 
ceous P.  breweri  Gabb. 


—  57  — 

Pecten  discus  Conrad.     (PL  V,  Figs.  55,  56.) 

The  original  description  and  figure  having  been  from  a  cast  "  beauti- 
fully preserved  in  indurated  clay"  (which  is  a  very  unreliable  kind  of 
specimen  to  describe,  especially  in  this  genus),  I  have  here  given  figures 
from  shells  found  by  Mr.  Watts  in  Kern  County.  This  is  about  ninety 
miles  northeast  of  the  locality  of  its  discovery,  but  the  species  found  at 
the  two  places  are  to  a  great  extent  the  same.  The  present  specimens 
diflfer  from  the  original  type  in  having  about  three  more  ribs,  in  which 
they  are  intermediate  between  that  and  P.  deserii  Con.  (of  which  Mr. 
Fairbanks  also  brought  many  good  specimens  from  the  Carrizo  Creek 
locality).  Clay  casts,  like  the  original,  are  common  in  Ventura  County, 
and  were  collected  by  Dr.  Bowers,  but  none  with  shell  remaining  were 
found  there.  It  seems  likely  that  the  species  named  will  have  to  be 
combined  as  one,  the  difi^erences  being  within  the  range  of  variation  in 
many  other  species.  The  internal  view  of  the  larger  valve  was  neces- 
sary, because  it  is  so  incrusted  on  the  outside  with  hard  rock  that  it 
cannot  be  separated  without  probable  fracture.  The  small  one  is  about 
equally  convex  on  both  sides,  as  in  P.  deserti.  The  original  type  very 
much  resembled  the  convex  valve  of  Vola  hella  Con. 

Liropecten  estrellanus  Conrad.     (PL  V,  Figs.  65,  67.) 

Pallium  estrellanum  Con.,  Pacif.  R.  R.  Rept.,  vol.  VI,  1850,  p.  71,  pi.  3, 
fig.  15.     Vol.  VII,  p.  191,  pi.  3,  figs.  3,  4. 

P.  crassicardo  Con.,  Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  Dec.  1862,  p.  291. 

Spondylus  estrellanus  Con.,  Pac.  R.  R.  Rept.,  vol.  VII,  p.  191,  pi.  1, 
fig.  3. 

Liropecten  estrellanus  Con.,  L.  crassicardo  Con.,  L.  volseformis  Con., 
Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  1862,  p.  291. 

Pecten  pahloensisf  Con.,  Pac.  R.  R.  Rept.,  VI,  p.  71,  pi.  3,  f.  14. 

Specimens  were  collected  by  all  the  assistants  in  the  Coast  and  San 
Joaquin  Valley  counties,  from  Solano  to  Orange,  Counties;  also  by  Mr. 
Lockwood,  in  Napa  County,  etc.,  showing  every  variation. 

Although  Mr.  Gabb  admitted  all  four  of  Conrad's  supposed  species 
here  named,  I  am  satisfied  from  much  more  and  better  materials  than 
he  had,  that  they  only  represent  various  ages  and  conditions  of  only 
one,  or  possibly  two,  if  Pecten  pahloensis  can  be  maintained;  if  not  it 
will  have  priority  as  the  specific  name.  The  specimen  figured  shows 
nearly  all  the  characters  of  the  various  forms  combined,  admitting  that 
P.  pahloensis  is  only  the  young  stage.  The  ribs  vary  from  sixteen  to 
nineteen,  though  given  as  seventeen  in  all  except  the  last  by  Conrad, 
who  gives  them  as  eighteen  to  twenty  in  that.  The  intermediate  riblets 
are  at  first  one  in  each  space,  biit  between  the  six  anterior  ribs  on  the 
lower  (right)  valve  and  nine  on  the  upper,  they  increase,  as  the  shell 
grows,  to  four  and  gix,  the  twa  latter  being  on  the  sides  of  the  ribs. 


—  58  — 

When  still  larger  the  whole  of  the  ribs  and  interspaces  are  covered  with 
riblets,  as  in  P.  subnodosus  {Liropecten  veatchii  Gabb),  and  many  others. 
Conrad's  supposition  that  "X.  rolsej'crmis^''  must  have  one  flat  valve,  i 
only  based  on  the  fact  that  his  convex  valve  was  unusually  convex,  as 
often  found  in  this  species,  while  the  transverse  lines  on  the  ribs  are 
also  found  where  the  shells  grew  too  crowded.  His  "i.  crassicardo  ^ ' 
was  an  old  specimen,  having  more  riblets  and  a  stronger  hinge,  and 
really  represents  the  left  valve  of  the  species.  In  the  one  figured  here 
there  is  scarcely  any  difference  in  thei  convexity  of  the  two  valves,  but 
it  is  rarely  found  with  both  together,  and  sometimes  they  occur  unequal 
or  both  much  flatter,  which  often  arises  from  pressure  since  fossilization. 
The  distinctive  characters  of  Liropecten  are  in  the  strongly-toothed 
hinge,  approaching  that  of  Spondyhts,  and  this  was  finally  admitted  by 
Conrad  as  a  character  common  to  them  all,  when  he  included  them  in 
that  new  genus.  The  great  convexity  of  the  valves  in  two  of  his 
"species"  is  due  to  what  he  calls  "undulation,"  but  is  a  kind  of 
imbrication,  as  shown  in  the  figure.  It  is  not  a  natural  character,  being 
never  twice  alike,  but  seems  to  have  been  caused  by  some  unfavorable 

condition  of  growth.     It  is  sometimes  seen  in  living  species,  and  on  the 

other  hand  fossil  Liropectens  sometimes  grew  without  it,  as  shown  in 

his  figure  of  L.  crassicardo. 

The  pair  of  valves  is  well  represented  just  as  it  was  found;  the  ears 

are  from  another  specimen,  which  is  of  the  original  estrellanus  form. 

Found  in  Coast  Range  Tertiary  from  Oregon  to  Santa  Rosa  Island, 

Calif.,  but  not  farther  southward. 

Note. — In  the  Catalogue  of  Californian  Fossils,  published  in  the  Seventh 

Annual  Report  of  State  Mineralogist,  1887,  p.  246,  the  form  Liropecten 

volseformis  Con.  is  given  as  living  on  west  coast  of  Mexico,  and  probably 

the  same  as  L.  subnodosus  Sowerby,  1835.     This  reference  was  intended 

for  L.  veatchii  Gabb,  but  was  accidentally  misplaced. 


FOSSILS    FROM    COLORADO    DESERT,    COLLECTED    BY    H.    W. 

FAIRBANKS. 

These  were  collected  only  near  Carrizo  Creek  where  it  emerges  from 
the  mountains  forming  the  western  rim  of  the  desert,  and  are  of  more 
than  usual  interest.  Many  collectors  have  been  to  the  same  locality 
and  obtained  the  Tertiary  species  described  by  Conrad  thirty-six  years 
ago,  as  well  as  the  Quaternary  fresh-water  shells  of  the  recent  lake-bed, 
most  of  which  still  live  elsewhere.  Loose  species  of  fossiliferous  rock  of 
Carboniferous  age  are  also  found,  but  none  in  place,  in  that  vicinity. 
The  chief  interest  of  Mr.  Fairbanks'  collection  is  the  discovery  of  what 
may  be  called  fossil  coral-islands,  the  coral  forming  extensive  beds 
about  the  summits  of  short  isolated  ridges  detached  from  the  mountains 


—  59  — 

of  the  western  rim,  and  consisting  at  their  bases  of  granitic  or  meta- 
morphic  rocks.  The  ridges  appear  to  have  been  islands  when  the 
desert  formed  part  of  the  Gulf  of  California,  or  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and 
were  at  the  right  depth  beneath  the  surface  for  coral  growth  on  their 
summits  for  a  long  period.  With  the  coral  occurred  several  fossil  shells 
of  forms  quite  unlike  those  of  the  late  Tertiary  of  Carrizo  Creek  beds, 
and  apparently  unlike  those  now  inhabiting  the  Gulf  of  California. 
They  are  not  perfect  enough  for  description,  but  may  be  identified  with 
some,  of  which  the  age  is  known,  from  farther  east,  and  for  that  purpose 
have  been  sent  to  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum,  w-here  eastern  species  are 
preserved.  They  certainly  do  not  resemble  any  of  the  fossils  yet 
described  either  from  the  Cretaceous  or  Tertiary  beds  of  California,  and 
suggest  that  they  lived  in  the  period  of  which  fossils  are  wanting  west 
of  the  Sierras,  namely,  the  Eocene,  or  its  later  divisions  following  the 
Cretaceous  B  deposits.  There  is  an  absence  of  anything  characterizing 
the  secondary  period.  The  shells  resemble  species  of  Cytherea,  Dosinia, 
Axinsea,  Pyrula,  and  Tritonium  of  large  size;  also  an  oyster,  thicker 
and  heavier  than  the  living,  or  Pliocene  fossil  species,  approaching 
0.  titan,  but  strongly  ribbed  on  upper  valve.  It  is  near  0.  herrmanni 
Conrad,  but  seems  distinct.  Further  collections  from  such  coral-islands, 
of  which  there  may  be  many  in  the  desert,  will  prove  very  important  in 
unfolding  the  geological  history  of  the  region,  but  the  want  of  water 
and  feed  for  horses  makes  it  very  difficult  to  explore  them,  unless  it  is 
done  in  the  winter.  Dr.  E.  S.  Clark,  who  is  familiar  with  the  fossil 
corals  of  the  Eastern  States,  informs  me  that  the  species  found  by  Mr. 
Fairbanks  cannot  decide  the  age  of  their  growth,  being  widely  spread 
in  Mesozoic  and  Tertiary  formations. 

By  late  letters  from  Dr.  White  it  appears  that  the  specimens  men- 
tioned above  as  sent  for  identification  cannot  be  confidently  named  as 
being  any  contained  in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum, 


—  60  — 


CATALOGUE    OF    CRETACEOUS    (AND    EOCENE?)    FOSSILS    OF 

SAN    DIEGO    COUNTY. 

Chiefly  Collected  by  Mr.  H.  W.  Fairbanks. 


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Remarks. 

For  localities  else- 
where see  Catal. 
of  Fossils  in  Re- 
port of  the  State 
Mineralogist  for 
1887. 

Actseonina  pupoides  Gabb 



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* 

* 

Ammonites  hoffmani?  Gabb 

* 

whitneyi  Gabb 

Ampullina  striata  Gabb 

Ancillaria  elonsrata  Gabb 

* 

* 



* 

Angaria  ornatissima  Gabb 

* 
* 

* 
* 

Area  breweriana  Gabb 

* 

* 

Architectonica  horni  Gabb 

* 

* 

Astarte  mathewsoni  Gabb 

* 

* 

semidentata  J.G.C. 

* 

Avicula  pellucida  Gabb 

* 

* 
*? 

* 

* 

* 
* 

* 

Axinsea  sagittata  Gabb 

* 
* 

* 

S.  D.  specimens 
probably       all 

veatchii  Gabb 

* 
* 

* 

Baculites  chicoensis  Trask 

this  sp. 

Barbatia  morsel  Gabb 

*? 

Found  by  Mr.  E. 

Bulla  assimilata  .T  G  C 



* 



* 

W.  Morse. 

CalliostomakempianaJ  G  C 

Cardita  planicosta  Lamk. 

* 
* 

* 
* 

* 
* 

* 

* 

Merced        Falls, 

Cardium  cooperi  Gabb  . 





Watts;  Oregon, 
(White). 

placerense  Gabb 

* 
* 

* 

Caryatis  nitida  Gabb 

* 
* 

Ceritliiopsis  alternata  Gabb 

* 

Cerithium  pillingi?  White 

* 

* 
* 

* 

Ensenada,  Lower 

fairbanksl  J.G.C. 

* 
* 

Cal. 

CMone  varians  Gabb 

* 

anRulata  Gabb 

* 

Cinulia  obliaua  Gabb 

* 

* 

• 

Conus  hornl  Gabb 

* 
* 

* 
* 

rpinondi  frabb 



* 

Coralliochama  orcutti  W'te 

* 

* 

* 

Ensenada,  Lower 

Cal. 

—  61  — 


Cretaceous  (and  Eocene?) 

Fossils 

OF  San  : 

Diego  County— Continued. 

cfl  O 

P5 
B 

5i 

2  => 

el 

n 

A 

a 

o 

*^ 

o 
« 

OS 

w 

UQ 

A 

o 

<^ 

oa 

1-5 

a 
V 
'A 

A 

. 
>> 

m 

m 
"2 
Em 

* 
B 

c 
o 
<a 
ce 
o 

o  . 

<A 

B 

d 
o 

O 

o 
o 

B 

<t 
1 

IB 
u 

of 
o 

;zi 

B 

r-l 

w 

03 

B 

CO 

rt 

03 
M 
(.• 
03 

a> 

'A 

B 

Remarks. 

For  localities  else- 
where, see  Catal. 
of  Fossils  In  Re- 
port of  the  State 
Mineralogist  for 
1887. 

Corbula  parilis  Gabb. 
triangulata  J 

* 
* 

* 

* 
* 

* 
* 

* 

* 
* 

* 

* 

* 

.G.C.. 

* 

* 
* 

Crassatella  tuscana  Gabb  . 

AstdTtt     tuscana 

uvasana  Gabb . 

* 

* 



* 

* 



Gabb. 

lomana  J.  G.  C.. 

* 

* 
* 

* 
* 

* 

Crenella  santana  J.  G. C. ... 

Cylichna  costata  Gabb 



* 
* 

* 
* 

* 
* 

* 

* 

Dentalium  cooperi  Gabb 

stramineum  G'b 

* 

Dosinia  elevata  Gabb  . 

* 

gyrata  Gabb . 
Eusplra  alveata  Gabb 

* 

* 



* 

■X- 

* 

* 
» 

* 

Fasciolaria  Iseviuscula  G'b 

sinuata  Gabb 

« 

Ficopsis  cooperi  Gabb 
remondi  Gab 

h 

* 
* 

* 
* 

* 

* 
* 

* 

Fusus  diaboli  Gal 
tumidus  Ga 

b 

bh 

* 

* 

martinez  Gabb 
supraplanus  J. 

Galerus  excentricus  G 

Goniomya  borealis?  W 

Gryphoea  vesicularis  I 

Gc'c.y. 

* 

« 

* 

* 
* 

rabb-- 
[eek.. 

* 

* 

« 

Omitted  in  Catal. 

* 
* 

* 
* 
* 

* 
* 

* 

* 

* 

^amk. 



* 

* 
* 
* 

* 

* 
* 

* 

* 
* 

* 

*? 

Hamites      vancouverensis 
Meek 

Var.       fremonti 

Helclon  dichotomus  Gabb .. 



Marcou. 

Heteroceras  cooperi  Gabb.. 

Inoceramus  vancouverensis 
Shum 

* 

/.  ellioti  Gabb 
and  I.  whitneyi 
Gabb.  Very 
large. 

Leda  gabbi  Con _ 

* 

« 

Lima  appressa  Gabb  . 
microtis  Gabb.. 

Lithophagus  oviformiL 

jG'bb 

* 

Lltorina  compacta  Gabb ... 



« 

— 

* 

Omitted  in  Catal. 

Loxotrema  turrita  Gabb 

« 

Lucina  postradiata  G 

ibb... 

* 

* 

Pal.  of  Cal.,  vol. 

II,  p.  189. 

—  62  — 


Ceetaceous  (and  Eocex 

E?) 

Fossils 

OF    S 

AN 

Diego  Coun' 

CY — 

Continued. 

11 

OQ 
« 

B 

^   CO 

2  O 

P5 
A 

a 

o 
1-3 

o, 

■*.« 

0 
<o 

m 
<d 

P3 

OQ 

A 

0 
A 

« 

OQ 

eS 

B 

d 
0 

OS 

0 

B 

d 
S 

u 

0 

? 

0 

JO 

<D 
P. 
0 

•6 

"S 

0 

CQ 

B 

_05 

V. 

tz; 
B 

35 

B 

Remabks. 

For  localities  else- 
where, see  Catal. 
of  Fossils  in  Re 
port  of  the  State 
Mineralogist   for 
1887. 

Lunatia    (Gyrodes)    conra- 
diana  Oabb.. 

* 

* 

Omitted  in  Catal  ■ 

Lunatia  horni  Gabb 

* 

* 

* 
* 

« 

Lunatia  nuciformis  Gabb  .. 

* 

Margaritella  crenulata  G'b 

* 
* 

globosa  Gabb- 

*? 

Megistostoma  striatum  G'b 

* 

Megerlia?  dubitanda  J.G.C. 

* 
* 

* 

Ueretrix  arata  Gabb 

* 

horni  Gabb 

* 
* 

* 
* 

* 



4f- 
* 

uvasanaCon 

i_     _        _ 

Mitra  simplicissima  J.G.C.- 

* 
* 

Morio  tuberculatus  Gabb  .. 

* 
* 

Mr 

* 

Mytilus  ascia  Gabb 

* 

pauperculus  Gabb, 

* 

* 

« 
* 

* 

ffj 

quadratus  Gabb ... 

* 

Naticina  obliqua  Gabb 

* 

* 
* 

* 
* 

* 

* 

* 



* 



* 

Neptunea  cretacea  Gabb... 

supraplicata  G'b 

* 

Nerita  triangulata  Gabb... 

* 

1 

Neverita  globosa  Gabb 

* 

* 
* 

* 

* 

secta  Gabb 



* 

* 

* 

Nucula  truncata  Gabb 

Olivella  mathewsoni  Gabb . 

* 



* 

Ostrea  idriaensis  Gabb 



* 

Patella  traskil  Gabb 

* 

* 
* 

* 

* 
» 
* 

Pecten  califomicus  Con. 

traskii  Gabb 

* 
» 

N.  Sp? 

Perhaps  a  Spon- 
dylus. 

Perissolaz  blakei  Gabb 

* 

* 

.... 

* 

brevlrostris  G'b 

* 
* 

* 
* 

"  Intermediate 

Pholadomya  brewerl  Gabb . 

strata  "  Gabb. 

Placunanomia  inornata  G'b 

* 

Omitted  in  Catal. 

Pleurotoma    fairbanksi    J. 
G.  G. 

« 

Rimella  simplex  Gabb 

* 

* 

—  6 


Cretaceous  (and  Eocene?)  Fossils 

OF  San 

DiBGo  County— 

Continued. 

9>  >: 
B 

■5< 

H 

M    O 

« 
A 

03 

a 

a 

o 

m 

A 

o 
<-> 

a) 
A 

>> 

m 

QQ 

iz; 
B 

o 

« 

O 

03 

00 

O 

« 

B 

S 

u 

0) 

o 

o 

m 

"(-» 

0) 

P. 
o 
o 

B 

-a 
o 

M 

OS 
4) 

iz; 
B 

OQ 

!z; 
B 

"3 

a 

o3 
M 
u 

oi 

a> 

^; 
B 

Remarks. 

For  localities  else- 
where see  Catal. 
of  Fossils  in  Re- 
port of  the  State 
Mineralogist  for 
1887. 

Septifer  dictotomus  Gabb.. 

* 

* 

Siphonaria    capuloides    J. 

G.  0. 

* 

* 

Solen  diegoensis  Gabb 

* 
* 



* 
* 

* 

* 

* 

parallelus  Gabb 

Stomatia  intermedia  J.  G.  C. 

* 

Surcula  preattenuata  Gabb 

4e- 

Tapes  quadrata  Gabb 

* 

* 

* 
* 

Tellina  secLualis  Gabb 

* 
* 

* 

ashburneri  Gabb 

decurtata  Gabb 

* 

bornl  Gabb 

* 

* 

_-- 

longa  Gabb 

* 

* 

ovoides  Gabb 

46- 

* 
* 

* 

whitneyi?  Gabb   .- 

* 

Tornatella  normalis  J.  G.  C. 

Tornatina  erratica  J.  G.  C. 

* 

Tritonium  californicum  G'b 

* 
* 

* 

diegoensis  Gabb- 

* 

whitneyi  Gabb . 

* 
* 

* 

Trapezium  carinatum  Gabb 

Turritella  chicoensis  Gabb. 

* 

* 

* 

« 

uvasana  Gabb 



* 

"Cret."  in  Catal. 

Urosyca  caudata  Gabb 

* 

* 

by  error. 

Venus  sequilateralis  Gabb  . 

» 

* 

* 



*? 

Waldheimia?  imbricata  J. 
G.G 

* 

—  64  — 
EXPLANATION  OF   PLATES. 


^ 

^ 

A  and  B,  Div.  of  Cret.    M  B, 

Marysville  Buttes.    C 

Formation  and 
Locality. 

M,  Coal    JNlines.    D,  oan   Diego,     uiuer  localities  {in 
table).    T,  Tertiary.    M,   Miocene.    P,  Pliocene.    K, 
Kern  County. 

Cret. 

Tert. 

A 

B 

M 

P 

1 

1 

2^ 

5 

6-11 

12 

13 
14-19 

Terebra  wattsiana.    Part  of  anterior  whorl  is  broken  off 

Surcula  crenatospira.    Fine  sculpture  not  represented 

Narona  irelaniana.    Half  of  anterior  whorl  broken  off 

Ancilla  (Oliverato)  calif ornica.    In  Fig.  7  the  anterior  face  of 
shell  is  much  worn,  showing  the  edges  of  incrusting  layers. 

Cerithium  fairbanksi.    Very  little  of  the  external  surface 
remains  to  show  details  of  sculpture  ..- 

Potamidesf  davisiana.    Most  of  aperture  wanting 

Cerithidea  carbonicola.    The  variations  of  sculpture  in  the 
six  examples  are  not  wholly  represented    

D 

MB 

MB 
MB 

MB 

MB 

CM 

2 

20-21 
22 

The  figures  20  to  30  in  PI.  2  are  double  the  natural  size. 

Surcula  inconstans.    Varieties  described  in  text 

Cordiera  aracillima.     Plications  are  not  well  fisrured       -.    

MB 
M  B 

23-24 

Pleurotoma  loerkinsiana.    Fisrures  too  wide    .. 

MB 

25-26 

Mangilia  suturalis.    The  nodules  too  prominent 

M  B 

27 

Drillia  ullrevana.    Outline  not  verv  correct 

M  B 

28-29 

Surcula  monilifera           

MB 

30 

Bittiumlongissimum.    See  description  for  details  of  form 

MB 

31 

Fusus  supraplanus.    Apical  whorls  from  mould. 

D 

32 

Pleurotoma^  deciniens                                       .. 

T) 

33-34 

Calliostoma  kempiana.    The  last  shows  basal  surface - 

35 
36-37 

Tornatina  ?  erratica 

D 
D 

Tornatella  normalis.    Shows  variations  in  width 

38-39 

Sinhonaria  canuloides.    Both  from  one  sr>ecimen 

D 

40 

Crenella  santana.    Also  in  Orange 

County.    (Bowers.) 

D 

41 

Mitra  simplicissima.    Similar  to  M.  simplex 

D 

42 

Corbula  triangulata.    The  oblique  lines  on  the  anterior  end 
were  intended  for  shading 

T) 

3 

43 
44-45 

The  figures  are  all  of  natural  size  from  43  to  60. 

Stomatia  intermedia.    Details  of  sculpture,  compiled  from 
three  specimens  .             .             

D 
D 

Astarte  semidentata.    Umbonal  angle  of  45  too  narrow 

46 

Bulla  assimilata.    The  spire  is  not  prominent,  the  posterior 
angle  of  mouth  being  lighest -                    .-     - 

D? 

—  65  — 
Explanation  of  Plates— Continued. 


0!) 

B 


Formation  and 
Locality. 


Cret. 


Tert. 


M 


47 

48-49 

50-51 

52 

53 

54 

55-56 


57 
58 
59 
60 
61-62 
63 
64 

65-67 


Crassatella  lomana.    For  fine  sculpture  see  description 

Megerlia  dubitanda.    Upper  and  lower  odd  valves 

Waldheimia  imbricata --- 

Agasoma  {Trophosycon)  barkerianum.    Mouth  imperfect 

Pinna  alamedensis.  Yates'  tj'pe  was  nearly  twice  as  long  as 
this,  and  complete  in  form -- 

Pinna  venturensis.  Three  fourths  the  size  of  largest  found, 
and  with  fewer  ribs.    Ventura  County 

Pecten  discus  Conv&A.    From  the  shells -. 

Lately  received  specimens  from  Tar  Canon,  Kern  County, 
on  the  "\V.,  have  ears  nearly  perfect.  They  are  nearly  of 
the  outline  given  by  Conrad,  and  have  about  six  delicate 
riblets  radiating  from  the  umbo,  crossed  by  lines  of 
growth.  One  valve  was  flatter,  as  in  P.  latiauritus,  but 
that  has  14-16  ribs. 

Planorbispabloanus..  ]      rj.^^^  outlines  are  correct  as  copied 

.      J     ,     ,•      ., •  from  the  fossils,  but  the  surface  res- 

Anodonta  hgmUca...  ^oration  is  a  fancy  of  the  engraver. 

Limnxa  contracosta..  J  •'' 

Amnicola  yatesiana.    Magnified  five  diameters  — 

Cucullsea  bowersiana.    From  Orange  County 

Agasoma  kernianum.    Very  well  represented -- 

Mytilus  dichotomus.  Umbonal  end  perfect  when  described, 
but  broken  before  figuring --- 

Pecten  (Liropecten)  estrellanvs  Conrad.  From  two  specimens, 
to  show  the  combination  of  characters  assigned  by  Conrad 
to  three  species ■- --- 


D 
D 
D 


CM 


K 
K 


K 


It  should  be  stated  that  while  the  figures  represent  the  best  of  each 
species,  many  points  of  the  descriptions  have  been  supplied  from  other 
specimens, 


that  are  not  shown  in  the  figures. 


PLATE 


I 


^ 


■'-Ji-.       V  rvh 


UTH.BKnTOM^ners.F. 


PLATE  2 


20  i 


m 


^•v'^;. 
>^^i- 


32 


'.^^^ 


40   ,^ 


■■% 


UTH.  BmrroM  4/ttY  s.f. 


PLATE  3 


43 


■i 


s^'   1 

E-^ 


KM/'-: 


52 


\ 


V-. 


UTH-BRITTOHfeir  S.  F. 


f  '"pi-  l(. 


PLATE  4. 


55.1  ^iPPt''. 


^^ 


UTHBRITTON^  Her  S.F. 


CA  -  r-- 


PLATE   5. 


57 


J' 


58 


.^<i— .•*% 


-^^\ 


59 


-jt.fz>'^i*' 


_^ 


■/(■ 


60 


r-^f^Ss. 


64 


UJH.  BRIT-nN^ffEY  S.F. 


PLATE  6. 


65 


11 


3 


%&' 


^^ 


■V^K*..^ 


66 


■} 

J 


J 


i-irti.mmmii^itar  s.F. 


V:^..-  - 


THIS    BOOK    IS    DUE   ON    THE    LAST    DATE 
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:^2r   Syrocuse,  N.  Y. 


Stockton,  Calif. 


T 


h61iSrL 


California.   Dspt.   of ^ 
natural  resources.   Di- 
vision of  mines. 

PHYSICAl 

scmczs 

LIBRARY 


^^^    LIBRARY 

DBHVEKSTT'     M,    TAU 


16487i 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  DAVIS 


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no.U 


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11 

^ 

V  K 

l^'lm 

k^ 

1^3 

gn 

B'jpi\^ 

v^ 

k^j 

SH 

mk     -  jL^ 

^H 


